川西北红原草地在联户经营下的适宜载畜量研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140323

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验以川西北红原县实际生产中的联户草场为研究对象,分析了自然生产条件下不同载畜量对川西北高寒草甸植物群落的动态特征和土壤养分特征的影响。结果表明,随着载畜量的增加,冬草场坡地的优势种无脉苔草、垂穗披碱草和四川嵩草逐渐减少,杂类草鹅绒委陵菜和翻白委陵菜逐渐增加;夏草场平地的优势种逐渐由木里苔草变为华扁穗草、发草、乌拉苔草和藏嵩草;而不同放牧率的冬草场坡地和夏草场平地之间土壤养分均没有显著差异。总体而言,不论是冬草场坡地和夏草场平地,优良牧草比例均随载畜量的加大而逐渐下降;地上生物量、多样性指数均在适度放牧状况下较高,川西北高寒地区联户经营下的冬草场坡地适宜载畜量为0.97头/hm²,夏草场平地为1.14~1.33头/hm²。

Abstract: The experiment aimed to study the group-household grassland at Hongyuan in north-western Sichuan by systematically analysing the dynamic characteristics of the alpine meadow and soil nutrient with different livestock capacities under natural conditions. As the livestock capacity increased, the dominant species of winter slope pasture, such as Carex enervis, Elymus nutan and Kobresia setchwanensis, gradually reduced, while forbs, such as Potentilla anserina and P. discolor, gradually increased. The dominant species of summer ground pasture transformed from C. muliensis to Blysmus sinocompressus, Deschampsia caespitosa, C. meyeriana and K. tibetica. The soil nutrient showed no significant difference between the winter slope pasture and summer ground pasture with different grazing intensities. In general, irrespective of the type of pasture, the proportions of good grass gradually dropped with an increase in livestock capacity, and the aboveground biomass and diversity index were higher under modest levels of grazing than under other levels. Under group-household management of the alpine meadow in the north-western Sichuan Plateau, the suitable livestock capacity on winter slope pasture was 0.97 Yak/ha, and on summer ground pasture, it was 1.14-1.33 Yak/ha.

中图分类号:

S812.8

刘焘,干友民,张洪轩,杨树晶,宋中齐,符佩斌,张雪莲. 川西北红原草地在联户经营下的适宜载畜量研究[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 197-204.

LIU Tao,GAN You-min,ZHANG Hong-xuan,YANG Shu-jing,SONG Zhong-qi,FU Pei-bin,ZHANG Xue-lian. A study on the appropriate stocking capacity under group-household management on the Hongyuan grasslands in north-western Sichuan[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(3): 197-204.

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