欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (11): 137-145.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2015070

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

水氮耦合对郑麦9023结实期叶片衰老及产量的影响

徐国伟, 王贺正, 尼娇娇, 陈明灿, 李友军   

  1. 河南科技大学农学院,河南 洛阳 471003
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-05 出版日期:2015-11-20 发布日期:2015-11-20
  • 作者简介:徐国伟(1978-),男,江苏建湖人,副教授,博士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U1304316),河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目(13A210266)和江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室开放基金(027388003K11009)资助

Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on leaf senescence and yield of Zhengmai 9023 wheat during the grain-filling stage

XU Guo-Wei, WANG He-Zheng, NI Jiao-Jiao, CHEN Ming-Can, LI You-Jun   

  1. Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
  • Received:2015-02-05 Online:2015-11-20 Published:2015-11-20

摘要: 以郑麦9023为材料,设置3个氮肥水平和两个水分处理来探讨水氮耦合下小麦叶片衰老差异及产量的影响。结果表明,花后7 d,在同一水分条件下,随着施氮量的增加,旗叶中叶绿素含量、光合速率有所提高,而丙二醛(MDA)含量及相对电导率则降低,茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物则随着施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,与200 kg N/hm2(N2)相比,300 kg N/hm2 (N3)处理茎鞘中可溶性糖及淀粉含量降低了10.6%与10.1%;在同一氮肥水平下,与对照 (W1) 相比较,水分胁迫(W2)处理降低旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、可溶性糖及淀粉含量,增加了旗叶MDA含量及相对电导率,N3处理尤为明显。花后21 d不同处理间趋势与花后7 d一致;产量方面:在同一水分条件下,随施氮量的增加,小麦产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,与N1(0 kg N/hm2)处理相比,N2处理小麦产量平均提高72.1%,N3提高了61.4%,而N3处理比N2处理平均下降了6.6%;在同一氮肥处理下,水分胁迫后小麦产量有所增加,但与对照(W1)无明显差异。表明适宜的水分胁迫与氮肥使用能够产生耦合效应,促进同化物向籽粒运转,提高籽粒结实率及粒重,有利于小麦产量的提高。

Abstract: Soil moisture and nitrogen nutrients are the principal factors affecting crop production. Elucidation of their influences and coupling effects would have great significance for optimizing yield and input efficiencies. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on interactions between water and fertilizers but most research to date has focused on soils rather than plant effects and the conclusions are not consistent. The purposes of this study were to investigate leaf senescence and yield differences in crops grown under conditions of nitrogen and water coupling. Three nitrogen levels of no nitrogen (N1), 200 kg N/ha (N2), 300 kg N/ha (N3) and two irrigation regimes of irrigation control (W1), water stress conditions (W2) were trialed in the field during the grain-filling stage of Zhengmai 9023, a winter wheat cultivar. Chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity in flag leaves, along with soluble sugar and starch in stems and grain yield, were measured at 7 and 21 days after the flowering stage. The results showed that leaf chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rates increased with nitrogen augments. However, MDA content and relative conductivity decreased in flag leaves 7 days after anthesis under the same levels of water treatment. Non-structural carbohydrate content first increased and then decreased with increases in nitrogen application. Soluble sugar and starch content in stem and sheath decreased by 10.6% and 10.1% under the condition of 300 kg N/ha (N3) compared with 200 kg N/ha (N2). Chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar and starch content reduced under water stress conditions (W2) with the same nitrogen level as the irrigation control (W1), while the opposite result was observed with MDA content and relative conductivity in flag leaves, especially in the N3 treatment. These trends applied to both 7 and 21 days after anthesis. Wheat yield was higher for the N2 treatments when crops were grown under the same water conditions. Compared with N1, N2 increased yields by 72.1% and N3 by 61.4%. The N3 treatment returned 6.6% less yield than N2. With the same levels of nitrogen fertilizer, water stress improved wheat production compared to the control. These results suggest that mild water stress and appropriate nitrogen applications can produce interaction effects that promote nitrate assimilation and increase yield by improving seed-setting rates and grain weight.