三峡库区紫色土旱坡地农桑配置模式对土壤养分的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对三峡库区紫色土流失严重和土壤肥力低的现状,本试验利用水土保育模式——农桑间作试验,研究横坡农作(CT)、双边桑树+横坡农作(T₁)、等高桑树+双边桑树+横坡农作(T₂)及四边桑树+等高桑树+横坡农作(T₃)4个处理对土壤养分的影响。结果表明,桑树布局小区内的土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量均有极显著提高,且土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量平均值大小均表现为:等高桑树+双边桑树+横坡农作(T₂)>四边桑树+等高桑树+横坡农作(T₃)>双边桑树+横坡农作(T₁)>横坡农作(CT)。4个处理的土壤碳氮比和碳磷比变化幅度分别在7~20和10~27之间,其中等高桑树+双边桑树+横坡农作(T₂)小区各个坡长的土壤碳氮比和碳磷比最大。土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、碳磷比与玉米和榨菜产量具有极显著的正相关关系。可见,旱坡地农桑配置模式在一定程度上可以提高和维持土壤养分,降低上坡段土壤碳氮比和碳磷比,从而为三峡库区水土保育模式优选提供理论依据。

Abstract:

To help address the problem of purple soil erosion on sloping land in Chongqing city, an experiment has been undertaken to investigate the effects of different crop-mulberry intercropping systems on soil nutrients. Four treatments were designed: crops were planted along transverse slopes (CT), crops were planted along transverse slopes with mulberry trees on the upper and lower slopes (T₁), crops were planted along transverse slopes with mulberry trees on the upper, middle and lower slopes (T₂); and crops were planted along transverse slopes with mulberry trees on the middle slope and on the four sides of the slope (T₃). The results showed that soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium and organic matter contents were significantly improved with mulberry intercropping. The sequence of improvement was T₂>T₃>T₁>CT. The ratios of carbon/nitrogen and carbon/phosphorus changed from 7 to 20 and from 10 to 27 respectively for the four treatments. The carbon/nitrogen and carbon/phosphorus ratios were largest in the T₂ treatment for every slope level. Soil organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, carbon/nitrogen ratio, carbon/phosphorus ratio and crop output were all significantly positively correlated. In conclusion, crop-mulberry intercropping in hillside fields improved and maintained soil nutrients and to some extent decreased the ratios of carbon/nitrogen and carbon/phosphorus in uphill soils. These results can be used to guide the choice of water and soil conservation cropping modes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

刘月娇，倪九派，张洋，周川. 三峡库区紫色土旱坡地农桑配置模式对土壤养分的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(12): 38-45.

LIU Yue-Jiao, NI Jiu-Pai, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chuan. Effects of different crop-mulberry intercropping systems on nutrients in arid purple soils in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(12): 38-45.

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