香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长化感作用的机理研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016303

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明化感物质香豆素的化感抑草作用机理,采用实验室培养皿生物监测法研究香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发及幼苗生长过程中主要生长和生理生化指标的影响,观察了种子和幼苗茎秆的超微组织结构变化。结果表明,与对照相比,香豆素显著降低了多花黑麦草种子的发芽势、根长、根干重、茎长和茎叶干重等生长指标(P<0.05);香豆素处理显著降低了吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)活性和叶绿素含量(P<0.05),同时显著提高了可溶性糖含量(P<0.05),以及4和6 d种子的蛋白质浓度(P<0.05);且在前期促进了多花黑麦草幼苗的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、抑制了过氧化物酶(POD)活性,而后CAT降低,POD先升高后降低(P<0.05),淀粉含量升高。100 μg/mL的香豆素水溶液只能在多花黑麦草种子发芽和幼苗生长初期可以很大限度的起到抑制作用,但不足以使其致死。香豆素抑制种子胚乳养分的分解与供应,破坏胚乳细胞的细胞膜、细胞壁,同时可能使细胞失水而导致质壁分离。

Abstract: To study the mechanism of allelopathy, the effects of coumarin on Italian ryegrass seed germination and seedling growth were evaluated in a sand-culture experiment. Compared with the control, coumarin treatment significantly (P<0.05) reduced the germination rate, root length, root dry weight, stem length, stem dry weight, and leaf dry weight of Italian ryegrass. The seedlings treated with coumarin showed significantly decreased indole acetic acid oxidase activity and lower chlorophyll content, compared with those in the control. The coumarin treatment also significantly (P<0.05) increased the water soluble carbohydrate content and protein concentration in seeds on days 4 and 6, increased catalase activity and starch content, and decreased peroxidase activity in Italian ryegrass seedlings during the early growth period. The results showed that an aqueous coumarin solution at a concentration of 100 μg/mL could control Italian ryegrass seed germination and seedling growth at the early stage, but it did not have a lethal effect. Coumarin inhibited endosperm function, disrupted the nutrient supply for seed germination, and destroyed cell membranes and cell walls in the endosperm, possibly leading to plasmolysis with water loss from cells.

姚丹丹, 王婧怡, 周倩, 汤前, 赵国琦, 邬彩霞. 香豆素对多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长化感作用的机理研究[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(2): 136-145.

YAO Dan-Dan, WANG Jing-Yi, ZHOU Qian, TANG Qian, ZHAO Guo-Qi, WU Cai-Xia. Effect of coumarin on Italian ryegrass seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(2): 136-145.

参考文献

[1] Bais H P, Walker T S, Stermitz F R, et al . Enantiomeric-dependment phytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of (+/-)-catechin arhizosecreted racemic mixture from spotted knapweed. Plant Physiology, 2002, 128(4): 1173-1179.
[2] Callaway R M, Aschehoug E T. Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: a mechanism for exotic invasion. Science, 2000, 29(20): 521-523.
[3] Zhang F J, Xu X Y, Guo A Y, et al . The influence of volatiles of three invasive plants on the roots of upland rice seedings. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(19): 5832-5838.
[4] Chen G, Zhang D, Wang W L, et al . Advances in research on the allelopathic of plants. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science & Technology, 2015, (1): 246-250.
成钢, 张丹, 王伟亮, 等. 植物间化感作用机理研究进展. 福建林业科技, 2015, (1): 246-250.
[5] Li Z, Jiang L G, Tang R H, et al . Identification and allelopathy of chemical compositions of peanut root exudates. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2015, 36(5): 48-53.
李忠, 江立庚, 唐荣华, 等. 花生根系分泌物的鉴定和化感作用研究. 华南农业大学学报, 2015, 36(5): 48-53.
[6] Danwei M A, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al . Advance in allelochemical stress induced damage to plant cells. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(5): 1640-1645.
[7] Liu S J, Zhao G Q, Wu C X, et al . Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of legumes on Italian ryegrass. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2013, 21(6): 1182-1187.
刘苏娇, 赵国琦, 邬彩霞, 等. 几种豆科牧草水浸提液对多花黑麦草化感作用的机理研究. 草地学报, 2013, 21(6): 1182-1187.
[8] Wu C X, Zhao G Q, Liu S J, et al . The content and effects of coumarin in the aqueous extract of yellow sweet clover. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(12): 2262-2269.
邬彩霞, 赵国琦, 刘苏娇, 等. 黄花草木樨水浸液中香豆素的含量及其对7种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响. 草业科学, 2014, 31(12): 2262-2269.
[9] Wu C X, Zhao G Q, Liu S J. Isolation and identification of potential allelochemicals in water extract of yellow sweetclover ( Melilotus officinalis ). Allelopathy Journal, 2015, 36(1): 75-86.
[10] Wu C X, Zhao G Q, Liu D L, et al . Discovery and weed inhibition effects of coumarin as the predominant allelochemical of yellow sweetclover ( Melilotus officinalis ). International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 2016, 18(1): 168-175.
[11] Razavi S M, Zarrini G, Zahri S, et al . Biological activity of Prangos uloptera DC, roots, a medicinal plant from Iran. Natural Product Research, 2010, 24(9): 797-803.
[12] Guo Y L, Fu H Y, Huang G H, et al . Allelopathy effects of ferulic acid and coumarin on microcystis aeruginosa. Environmental Science, 2013, 34(4): 1492-1497.
[13] Mahmood K, Han M B, Song Y Y, et al . Differential morphological, cytological and biochemical responses of two rice cultivars to coumarin. Allelopathy Journal, 2013, 31(2): 281-296.
[14] Wu C X. Comparative Study of Allelopathy of Legume Forages[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2007.
邬彩霞. 几种豆科牧草化感作用的比较研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2007.
[15] Hao L R. Pmetieal Statistiesin SPSS[M]. Beijing: China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press, 2003: 77-108.
郝黎仁. SPSS实用统计分析[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2003: 77-108.
[16] Cheng X X, He S, Liu Z. Biological effect of rare earth elements in seed germination on sh_2 sweet corn. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2016, (2): 229-234.
程昕昕, 何松, 刘正. 稀土元素对sh_2甜玉米种子萌发生物学效应影响. 中国稀土学报, 2016, (2): 229-234.
[17] Fan S L, Yuan Z H, Feng L J, et al . Effects of drought stress on physiological and biochemical parameters of Dahlia pinnata . Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao, 2011, 22(3): 651-657.
范苏鲁, 苑兆和, 冯立娟, 等. 干旱胁迫对大丽花生理生化指标的影响. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(3): 651-657.
[18] Cai F, Mei L J, An X L, et al . Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant responses during seed germination of Jatropha curcas . International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2011, 13: 25-30.
[19] Sun C H, Li Y, He H Y, et al . Physiological and biochemical responses of Chenopodium album to drought stresses. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(10): 2556-2561.
孙存华, 李扬, 贺鸿雁, 等. 藜对干旱胁迫的生理生化反应. 生态学报, 2005, 25(10): 2556-2561.
[20] Fang C, Cheng Z. Research progress on the use of plant allelopathy in agriculture and the physiological and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2015, 1: 6.
[21] Saleh A M, Madany M M Y, González L. The effect of coumarin application on early growth and some physiological parameters in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.). Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2015, 34(2): 1-9.
[22] Srivastava O P, Huystee R B V. An interrelationship among peroxidase, IAA oxidase, and polyphenol oxi. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1977, 55(20): 2630-2635.
[23] Zhao J, Yang W, Ma F, et al . Effects of high voltage eletrostatic field (HVEF) on proliferation of callus from alfalfa leaf. Shengwu Wuli Xuebao, 1997, 13: 255-260.
[24] Yang X, Wang B, Duan C A, et al . Physiological effect of mechanical vibration on callus of actinidia chinensis planch. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology, 2002, 8(1): 36-40.
[25] Zhang D D. The Study on the Allelopathy Mechanism of the Extract of Celery to the Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber——The Variation of the Enzyme Activities in Cucumber’s Leaves After the Treatment with the Extract of Fresh Root and Rhizosphere Area of Celery[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2013.
张东东. 西芹浸提液对黄瓜枯萎病菌化感作用机理的研究——西芹鲜根及根际物浸提液处理后黄瓜叶片内酶活性的变化[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2013.
[26] Shi Y W, Wang Y L, Li W B. Effects of water stress on soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline content in Tamarix hispida . Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2007, 30(2): 5-8.
[27] Li N Y, Gao J F, Wang P H. The characteristics of induced protein in shoots of wheat seedlings under water stress. Acta Photophysiologica Sinica, 1998, 24(1): 65-71.
李妮亚, 高俊凤, 汪沛洪. 小麦幼芽水分胁迫诱导蛋白的特征. 植物生理学报, 1998, 24(1): 65-71.
[28] Zhu Z, Jiang J Y, Jiang C J, et al . Effects of low temperature stress on SOD activity, soluble protein content and soluble sugar content in Camellia sinensis leaves. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2011, 38(1): 24-26.
朱政, 蒋家月, 江昌俊, 等. 低温胁迫对茶树叶片SOD、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的影响. 安徽农业大学学报, 2011, 38(1): 24-26.
[29] Chen F. Influence on cold resistance on the contents of the dissociative praline and the dissoluble albumen of aquilegia vulgaris. Northern Horticulture, 2011, (5): 29-31.
陈菲. 低温胁迫对耧斗菜脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量的影响. 北方园艺, 2011, (5): 29-31.
[30] Liu A R, Zhang Y B, Zhong Z H, et al . Effects of salt stress on the growth and osmotica accumulation of Coleus blumei . Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(2): 211-218.
刘爱荣, 张远兵, 钟泽华, 等. 盐胁迫对彩叶草生长和渗透调节物质积累的影响. 草业学报, 2013, 22(2): 211-218.
[31] Rochaix J D. Regulation of photosynthetic electron transport. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics, 2011, 1807(3): 375-383.
[32] Duan R J, Wu C B, Wang L, et al . Contents of proline, soluble sugar, and chlorophyll and accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Paspalum vaginatum Sw. in response to Cd stress. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 32(2): 357-361.
段瑞军, 吴朝波, 王蕾, 等. 镉胁迫对海雀稗脯氨酸、可溶性糖和叶绿素含量及氮、磷、钾吸收的影响. 江苏农业学报, 2016, 32(2): 357-361.
[33] Guo F, Fan W H. Effects of exogenous selenium on physiological effects of germination of mustard seeds under Cd stress. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2013, 28(4): 130-133.
郭锋, 樊文华. 外源硒对镉胁迫下芥菜种子萌发生理效应的影响. 华北农学报, 2013, 28(4): 130-133.
[34] Einhellig F A. Mechanism of Action of Allelochemicals in Allelopathy[M]. 2nd ed. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 1995: 96-116.
[35] Patterson D T. Effects of ailelopathic chemicals on growth and physiological response of soybean ( Glycine max ). Weed Science, 1981, 29(1): 53-59.
[36] Hejl A M, Einhelig F A, Rasmussen J A. Effects of juglone on growth, photosynthesis and respiration. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1993, 19(3): 559-568.
[37] Zhang Q J, Zhang A H, Sun J B. Advances of research on allelopathic potencial of terpenoids in plants. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2012, 21(1): 187-193.
张秋菊, 张爱华, 孙晶波, 等. 植物体中萜类物质化感作用的研究进展. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(1): 187-193.