不同颜色地膜覆盖下春玉米主要生长性状对耕层积温的响应

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018493

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨东北雨养区不同颜色地膜覆盖下春玉米主要生长性状和产量对耕层积温的响应规律,设置了无色透明膜(M₁) 、黑膜(M₂) 和露地对照(M₀)田间试验。根据2016和2017两年数据,应用Slogistic方程拟合了不同颜色地膜覆盖下玉米株高、成熟期之前叶面积指数以及干物质累积随耕层积温变化动态,通过逐步回归分析探讨了玉米干物质累积的Slogistic曲线特征量与产量关系。研究表明:1)玉米株高渐增期的平均生长速率大小表现为M₂>M₁>M₀,在快增期表现为M₂>M₀>M₁,缓增期表现为M₀>M₂>M₁;2)玉米叶面积指数渐增期和缓增期平均增长速率表现与株高一致,快增期则表现为M₂>M₁>M₀,黑膜处理下叶面积指数和最大增加速率最高,无色透明膜处理次之;3)黑膜处理显著增加了快增期干物质累积持续时间,并且较无色透明地膜和露地处理率先进入干物质累积快增期,这有助于提高玉米产量;4)干物质累积最大速率、干物质累积曲线拐点等特征量与产量密切相关,达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。研究认为,地膜覆盖对玉米生长渐增期影响较大,其中无色透明膜加速玉米衰老;黑膜处理下干物质累积最大,产量最高,玉米生长更稳定。对玉米生长性状和产量的研究,可用于玉米生产管理决策中作物生长路线的设计,能够为提高玉米生产管理水平提供决策依据。

关键词: 耕层积温, Slogistic, 地膜覆盖, 雨养农业, 春玉米

Abstract: The objective of this research was to study the effects of surface-layer accumulated temperature on major growth traits of spring maize under different colored plastic film mulching in the rain-fed region of Northeast China. Field experiments with three film mulching treatments: no mulch (M₀), colorless transparent plastic film mulch (M₁) and black plastic film mulch (M₂), were conducted.Slogistic equation was used to fit the progression of maize plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation as a function of surface-layer accumulated temperature.It was found that the average rate of maize plant height increase ranked M₂>M₁>M₀ during early growth, M₂>M₀>M₁during stem elongation, and M₀>M₂>M₁ during grain development. The treatment rankings for accumulation rate of maize leaf area index followed those of plant height during early growth and grain development stages, but ranked M₂>M₁>M₀ during stem elongation. The black film (M₂) treatment significantly increased the duration of dry matter accumulation during the stem elongation stage and reached the stem elongation growth phase earlier than other treatments, and so contributed to improved maize yield. There was a significant relationship between maximum dry matter accumulation rate, the accumulated temperature at which the inflexions of the dry matter accumulation curves occurred, other parameters of the Slogistic equation, and maize yield. The results show that film mulching had the greatest impact on maize development during the early growth stage.Transparent plastic film accelerated leaf senescence,while the black plastic film treatment had the largest dry matter accumulation rate and the highest yield.Results from this research into the effect of mulching treatment options on the growth dynamics of maize and on maize yield can be used to improve resource use efficiency and output of maize production systems.

Key words: surface-layer accumulated temperature, Slogistic, plastic film mulching, rain-fed agriculture, spring maize

孙仕军, 姜浩, 陈志君, 朱振闯, 张旭东, 迟道才. 不同颜色地膜覆盖下春玉米主要生长性状对耕层积温的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(2): 61-72.

SUN Shi-jun, JIANG Hao, CHEN Zhi-jun, ZHU Zhen-chuang, ZHANG Xu-dong, CHI Dao-cai. Effects of surface-layer accumulated temperature on major growth traits of spring maize when un-mulched or under clear or black plastic film mulches[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(2): 61-72.

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