春季黑茎病和蚜虫复合发生对紫花苜蓿产量和饲用价值的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025094

草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 195-205.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025094

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

春季黑茎病和蚜虫复合发生对紫花苜蓿产量和饲用价值的影响

白美婷¹(), 李应德², 陈倩华³, 冯艳丽¹, 冯海明⁴, 段廷玉²

^1.甘肃开放大学，甘肃兰州 730030
^2.草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室，农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室，兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心，兰州大学草地农业科技学院，甘肃兰州 730020
^3.陕西建设技师学院，陕西西安 710119
^4.酒泉开放大学，甘肃酒泉 735000

收稿日期:2025-03-21 修回日期:2025-04-21 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-10-20
通讯作者: 白美婷
作者简介:E-mail： 675132057@qq.com
白美婷（1980-），女，陕西咸阳人，副教授，硕士。E-mail： 675132057@qq.com
基金资助:
2024年高校教师创新基金(2024A-223)

Effect of co-attack of spring black stem and leaf spot disease and aphids on the yield and forage value of alfalfa

Mei-ting BAI¹(), Ying-de LI², Qian-hua CHEN³, Yan-li FENG¹, Hai-ming FENG⁴, Ting-yu DUAN²

^1.Gansu Open University，Lanzhou 730030，China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems，Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair，Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry，Ministry of Education，College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730020，China
^3.Shaanxi Construction Technology Institute，Xi’an 710119，China
^4.Jiuquan Open University，Jiuquan 735000，China

Received:2025-03-21 Revised:2025-04-21 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-10-20
Contact: Mei-ting BAI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

病虫害是限制紫花苜蓿生产的重要因素，春季黑茎病和豌豆蚜是我国苜蓿种植区广泛发生的病虫害，二者复合发生对产量和品质的影响如何尚不得知。本试验在兰州大学景泰草地农业观测研究站设置紫花苜蓿春季黑茎病、豌豆蚜、春季黑茎病+豌豆蚜复合发生、喷施高效氯氟氰菊酯溶液等处理，以田间自然生长为对照。研究发现病原菌处理和病虫复合发生处理的春季黑茎病发病率和病情指数分别为54.67%~82.67%和20.93%~40.93%，显著高于对照和药剂处理；相较于对照和药剂处理，病原菌和病虫复合发生下，紫花苜蓿产量降低20.87%和22.17%（P<0.05）。病虫害对苜蓿叶片营养元素、饲喂价值的影响大于其对茎秆、地上部全株相应指标的影响，尤其以病虫复合发生情况下影响更为显著。与对照相比，病原菌处理显著降低了苜蓿叶片钙和硫含量，显著增加了叶片钾含量（P<0.05）；与药剂处理相比，病原菌、蚜虫及病虫复合发生苜蓿叶片蛋白含量均显著降低；病虫复合发生较对照具有更高的单糖含量，较病原菌处理，苜蓿叶片乙酸和乳酸的含量降低（P<0.05）。本研究为紫花苜蓿春季黑茎病和豌豆蚜损失评定提供了理论依据，为后续病虫害防治提供了理论指导。

关键词: 损失评价, 病虫害, 饲喂价值, 病虫害管理

Abstract:

Pests and diseases significantly constrain Medicago sativa （alfalfa） production. Spring black stem disease， caused by the fungal pathogen Phoma medicagonis and pea aphid （Acyrthosiphon pisum）， is widespread in alfalfa-growing regions of China. However， the impact of the combined occurrence of this pathogen and the aphid on alfalfa yield and quality remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap， we conducted a field experiment at the Jingtai Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems， Lanzhou University. The treatments included spring black stem inoculation， pea aphid disease infestation， combined spring black stem disease inoculation and pea aphid infestation， and spraying with β-cyfluthrin solution. Naturally grown alfalfa served as the control. The results show that the incidence and disease index of spring black stem disease in the pathogen treatment and pathogen+aphid treatment groups reached 54.67%-82.67% and 20.93%-40.93%， respectively， significantly higher than those in the control and insecticide-protected groups. Compared with the control and insecticide groups， the pathogen treatment group and pathogen+aphid treatment group showed decreases in alfalfa yield （decreases of 20.87%-22.17%）. Pests and diseases had a greater impact on the nutrient contents and feeding value of alfalfa leaves than on stems or the entire aboveground part， especially in the pathogen+aphid treatment group. Compared with the control， the pathogen treatment group showed significantly reduced calcium and sulfur contents in the leaves and significantly increased potassium content （P<0.05）. The protein content in alfalfa leaves was significantly lower in the pathogen treatment group， aphid treatment group， and pathogen+aphid treatment group than in the insecticide group. The monosaccaride content in leaves was higher in the pathogen+aphid treatment group than in the control （P<0.05）， and the acetic acid and lactic acid contents in alfalfa leaves were lower in the pathogen+aphid treatment group than in the pathogen-only treatment group （P<0.05）. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for assessing alfalfa crop losses caused by spring black stem disease and pea aphid， and offer theoretical guidance for the development and refinement of pest and disease control strategies.

Key words: loss evaluation, disease and insect pests, feeding value, disease and insect pests management

白美婷, 李应德, 陈倩华, 冯艳丽, 冯海明, 段廷玉. 春季黑茎病和蚜虫复合发生对紫花苜蓿产量和饲用价值的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(12): 195-205.

Mei-ting BAI, Ying-de LI, Qian-hua CHEN, Yan-li FENG, Hai-ming FENG, Ting-yu DUAN. Effect of co-attack of spring black stem and leaf spot disease and aphids on the yield and forage value of alfalfa[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(12): 195-205.

图/表 8

参考文献 41

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指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.37±0.06b	0.44±0.02a	0.37±0.04b	0.34±0.05b	0.38±0.02b
钙Ca	1.30±0.33ab	1.40±0.06ab	0.94±0.20c	1.02±0.27bc	1.12±0.21abc
钠Na	0.13±0.12a	0.17±0.01a	0.03±0.06a	0.04±0.05a	0.08±0.10a
镁Mg	0.40±0.07a	0.38±0.02ab	0.32±0.06b	0.35±0.05ab	0.36±0.03ab
氯Cl	2.82±0.58a	1.99±0.21b	3.09±0.29a	2.77±0.54a	2.62±0.48a
硫S	0.21±0.04ab	0.23±0.01ab	0.18±0.02c	0.19±0.02bc	0.20±0.02abc
钾K	2.12±0.45b	2.27±0.12ab	2.71±0.52a	2.54±0.50ab	2.30±0.46ab

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.37±0.06b	0.44±0.02a	0.37±0.04b	0.34±0.05b	0.38±0.02b
钙Ca	1.30±0.33ab	1.40±0.06ab	0.94±0.20c	1.02±0.27bc	1.12±0.21abc
钠Na	0.13±0.12a	0.17±0.01a	0.03±0.06a	0.04±0.05a	0.08±0.10a
镁Mg	0.40±0.07a	0.38±0.02ab	0.32±0.06b	0.35±0.05ab	0.36±0.03ab
氯Cl	2.82±0.58a	1.99±0.21b	3.09±0.29a	2.77±0.54a	2.62±0.48a
硫S	0.21±0.04ab	0.23±0.01ab	0.18±0.02c	0.19±0.02bc	0.20±0.02abc
钾K	2.12±0.45b	2.27±0.12ab	2.71±0.52a	2.54±0.50ab	2.30±0.46ab

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.27±0.01b	0.31±0.02a	0.29±0.03ab	0.27±0.02b	0.26±0.02b
钙Ca	0.62±0.16a	0.63±0.08a	0.70±0.12a	0.62±0.03a	0.62±0.03a
钠Na	0.11±0.04a	0.12±0.04a	0.13±0.04a	0.09±0.03a	0.08±0.05a
镁Mg	0.18±0.15a	0.15±0.01a	0.20±0.04a	0.18±0.02a	0.17±0.03a
氯Cl	1.09±0.34ab	0.98±0.17b	1.29±0.24a	1.13±0.15ab	0.88±0.12b
硫S	0.19±0.01a	0.18±0.00b	0.19±0.00a	0.18±0.00ab	0.19±0.01a
钾K	2.39±0.19a	2.46±0.10a	2.53±0.45a	2.61±0.43a	2.67±0.56a

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.27±0.01b	0.31±0.02a	0.29±0.03ab	0.27±0.02b	0.26±0.02b
钙Ca	0.62±0.16a	0.63±0.08a	0.70±0.12a	0.62±0.03a	0.62±0.03a
钠Na	0.11±0.04a	0.12±0.04a	0.13±0.04a	0.09±0.03a	0.08±0.05a
镁Mg	0.18±0.15a	0.15±0.01a	0.20±0.04a	0.18±0.02a	0.17±0.03a
氯Cl	1.09±0.34ab	0.98±0.17b	1.29±0.24a	1.13±0.15ab	0.88±0.12b
硫S	0.19±0.01a	0.18±0.00b	0.19±0.00a	0.18±0.00ab	0.19±0.01a
钾K	2.39±0.19a	2.46±0.10a	2.53±0.45a	2.61±0.43a	2.67±0.56a

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.29±0.03a	0.33±0.01a	0.31±0.03a	0.29±0.03a	0.31±0.05a
钙Ca	0.64±0.07a	0.72±0.06a	0.73±0.06a	0.70±0.15a	0.75±0.16a
钠Na	0.09±0.04a	0.09±0.01a	0.07±0.04a	0.08±0.05a	0.09±0.05a
镁Mg	0.21±0.04a	0.21±0.01a	0.24±0.01a	0.22±0.05a	0.24±0.03a
氯Cl	1.17±0.13ab	1.01±0.04b	1.39±0.15a	1.30±0.31a	1.24±0.33ab
硫S	0.20±0.01a	0.20±0.00a	0.20±0.00a	0.20±0.00a	0.21±0.01a
钾K	2.67±0.37a	2.86±0.11a	2.85±0.23a	2.73±0.54a	2.76±0.25a

春季黑茎病和蚜虫复合发生对紫花苜蓿产量和饲用价值的影响

Effect of co-attack of spring black stem and leaf spot disease and aphids on the yield and forage value of alfalfa

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Metrics

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
蛋白质Protein	23.91±2.93bc	23.72±0.39a	22.02±1.62c	21.57±2.81c	23.28±3.65c
不可溶蛋白Insoluble protein	14.22±0.59a	14.20±0.36a	13.86±0.58a	12.38±0.97a	12.54±2.03a
过瘤胃蛋白Bypass protein	9.66±0.97a	8.36±0.20b	10.04±0.69a	9.08±1.01ab	8.49±1.14b
酸性洗涤不溶蛋白ADIP	2.44±0.33a	2.58±0.18a	2.08±0.27a	2.04±0.46a	2.13±0.39a
中性洗涤不溶蛋白NDIP	6.45±0.18ab	6.70±0.06a	6.39±0.15ab	5.96±0.42bc	5.84±4.92c
中性洗涤纤维NDF	48.72±6.49ab	45.96±1.05b	53.07±3.45a	50.34±5.49ab	47.32±4.19a
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	35.03±2.47a	35.02±0.50a	35.76±1.98a	36.31±2.60a	35.02±2.16a
木质素Lignin	8.71±1.28a	7.85±0.51a	8.01±0.91a	8.21±0.81a	7.88±0.73a
水溶性碳水化合物Soluble carbohydrates	2.79±1.72ab	1.16±0.19b	1.63±0.99b	2.80±1.29ab	3.84±0.52a
单糖Monosaccharides	1.23±0.70b	1.20±0.47b	1.35±1.33b	2.31±1.33ab	2.80±1.26a
粗脂肪Ether extract	2.89±0.20a	3.06±0.24a	2.93±0.43a	2.89±0.69a	2.71±0.10a
粗灰分Crude ash	11.39±0.82b	13.69±0.93a	12.23±1.80ab	12.85±1.05ab	12.99±1.36ab
乳酸Lactic acid	4.95±1.81ab	3.92±0.23b	6.29±1.07a	5.56±1.17a	4.95±1.22b
乙酸Acetic acid	3.00±1.42ab	2.10±0.26b	3.62±0.78a	3.14±0.96ab	2.29±0.76b
总可消化养分TDN	66.15±1.44a	65.28±0.44a	65.56±0.73a	65.04±1.15a	65.54±1.66a
24h-体外干物质消化率24 h-IVDMD	67.15±6.43ab	71.31±1.62a	65.09±3.06b	66.07±4.97ab	68.59±4.82ab
30 h-体外干物质消化率30 h-IVDMD	78.47±3.79ab	75.45±1.81b	81.86±3.15a	80.56±3.44a	80.67±3.18a
48 h-体外干物质消化率48 h-IVDMD	72.82±2.51a	75.12±2.49a	72.50±2.61a	73.95±4.05a	73.84±2.07a
24 h-中性洗涤纤维消化率24 h-NDFD	17.31±6.69a	23.25±1.78b	15.11±3.22b	16.65±3.86b	18.83±4.99ab
30 h-中性洗涤纤维消化率30 h-NDFD	25.15±5.72b	31.14±2.04a	23.84±3.35b	24.96±3.34b	26.56±4.94ab
48 h-中性洗涤纤维消化率48 h-NDFD	47.72±3.36b	46.99±1.39ab	51.04±2.71a	49.84±3.47ab	48.49±2.44ab

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
蛋白质Protein	12.78±1.96a	13.69±1.70a	14.13±0.81a	13.41±0.61a	12.63±1.19a
不可溶蛋白Insoluble protein	5.72±1.45ab	6.66±1.45a	6.66±0.87a	5.97±0.62ab	5.01±0.92b
过瘤胃蛋白Bypass protein	3.18±0.95a	3.97±0.68a	3.73±0.64a	3.50±0.48a	2.96±0.32a
酸性洗涤不溶蛋白ADIP	2.14±0.29a	2.01±0.15a	2.10±0.17a	2.09±0.21a	2.02±0.18a
中性洗涤不溶蛋白NDIP	2.91±0.45ab	3.26±0.31a	3.21±0.38a	3.00±0.18ab	2.62±0.27b
中性洗涤纤维NDF	66.83±4.94a	66.32±3.96a	63.41±1.88a	64.37±2.60a	64.60±4.07a
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	57.15±3.50a	56.16±3.05a	54.73±1.03a	55.65±2.17a	55.57±2.79a
木质素Lignin	12.03±0.77a	11.54±0.70a	11.31±0.36a	11.66±0.78a	11.87±0.77a
水溶性碳水化合物Soluble carbohydrates	4.58±0.83b	4.08±0.13b	4.28±0.45b	4.72±0.81ab	5.47±0.77a
单糖Monosaccharides	3.42±1.27a	3.10±1.05a	2.81±1.03a	3.49±1.13a	4.28±1.18a
粗脂肪Ether extract	1.35±0.11a	1.42±0.14a	1.46±0.06a	1.35±0.14a	1.44±0.26a
粗灰分Crude ash	6.82±0.82a	6.59±0.50a	7.30±0.88a	7.21±1.98a	7.22±1.93a
乳酸Lactic acid	0.07±0.06a	0.06±0.02a	0.09±0.01a	0.05±0.02a	0.04±0.03a
乙酸Acetic acid	0.31±0.32ab	0.02±0.06b	0.41±0.25ab	0.55±0.50a	0.42±0.52a
总可消化养分TDN	48.99±2.67a	49.38±1.93a	50.92±1.03a	49.93±1.29a	49.86±1.90a
24 h-体外干物质消化率24 h-IVDMD	52.22±3.02a	53.67±2.57a	54.25±1.39a	52.86±2.80a	53.39±3.12a
30 h-体外干物质消化率30 h-IVDMD	57.40±2.86a	58.22±1.74a	59.60±2.52a	59.03±3.38a	59.56±4.26a
48 h-体外干物质消化率48 h-IVDMD	47.44±3.84a	47.73±3.13a	50.51±2.33a	49.33±4.00a	48.68±5.21a
24 h-中性洗涤纤维消化率24 h-NDFD	19.33±2.72ab	21.70±1.34a	19.24±1.21ab	18.03±3.81b	17.80±2.87b
30 h-中性洗涤纤维消化率30 h-NDFD	26.49±2.94ab	29.32±1.22a	26.21±1.40ab	24.99±3.96b	24.55±3.20b
48 h-中性洗涤纤维消化率48 h-NDFD	40.68±0.95a	40.91±0.86a	41.29±2.07a	40.88±2.84a	40.64±1.86a

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
蛋白质 Protein	14.15±1.99a	15.27±0.48a	16.24±1.22a	14.81±2.82a	15.57±3.10a
不可溶蛋白Insoluble protein	5.94±0.89a	6.20±0.80a	7.20±0.90a	6.34±1.57a	6.57±2.13a
过瘤胃蛋白Bypass protein	3.72±0.44a	3.92±0.46a	4.79±0.94a	4.23±0.97a	3.97±1.12a
酸性洗涤不溶蛋白ADIP	2.29±0.07ab	2.46±0.17a	2.23±0.11ab	2.25±0.19b	2.17±0.09b
中性洗涤不溶蛋白NDIP	3.13±0.41a	3.56±0.30a	3.82±0.42a	3.34±0.61a	3.37±0.74a
中性洗涤纤维NDF	64.68±5.36a	62.83±0.25a	60.84±2.43a	61.79±6.47a	59.53±5.02a
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	55.22±4.36a	55.09±0.58a	52.15±3.19a	53.28±5.47a	51.54±4.98a
木质素Lignin	11.89±1.01a	11.77±0.39a	11.36±1.08a	11.77±1.19a	11.05±1.13a
水溶性碳水化合物Soluble carbohydrates	4.19±0.42ab	3.25±0.71b	3.84±0.57ab	4.68±0.93a	4.86±0.83a
单糖Monosaccharides	3.57±1.05a	3.36±0.83a	3.56±0.52a	3.57±1.18a	4.47±1.93a
粗脂肪Ether extract	1.50±0.32a	1.62±0.06a	1.59±0.23a	1.46±0.35a	1.57±0.24a
粗灰分Crude ash	7.70±1.75a	8.98±0.25a	9.26±0.83a	7.91±1.62a	8.83±1.06a
乳酸Lactic acid	0.30±0.60b	0.32±0.16b	1.26±0.77a	0.59±0.57ab	0.57±0.70ab
乙酸Acetic acid	1.02±0.58a	1.05±0.23a	1.30±0.52a	0.89±0.83a	0.85±0.41a
总可消化养分TDN	50.45±2.86a	50.66±0.10a	53.04±1.94a	51.90±3.83a	53.17±3.65a
24 h-体外干物质消化率24 h-IVDMD	52.79±4.56a	53.65±0.75a	55.44±3.55a	53.92±5.20a	56.66±5.19a
30 h-体外干物质消化率30 h-IVDMD	59.70±5.69a	59.67±1.15a	64.59±3.14a	61.98±6.29a	63.84±5.30a
48 h-体外干物质消化率48 h-IVDMD	50.63±6.10a	51.81±1.03a	54.96±3.20a	51.31±7.66a	54.97±5.34a
24 h-中性洗涤纤维消化率24 h-NDFD	15.79±2.39a	16.11±1.35a	15.84±4.00a	15.66±2.66a	17.73±3.79a
30 h-中性洗涤纤维消化率30 h-NDFD	22.74±2.51a	23.30±1.33a	22.65±4.13a	22.23±2.75a	24.58±3.96a
48 h-中性洗涤纤维消化率48 h-NDFD	41.30±2.67a	40.81±1.16a	43.30±1.70a	40.98±3.42a	42.19±2.72a