加拿大一枝黄花水提液对玉米幼苗生长的化感作用及其机理

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140626

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物化感物质普遍存在对其他植物生长的“低促高抑”现象,可能和植物对叶片资源投入或者单位叶面积光合能力有关。实验以具有较强化感作用的加拿大一枝黄花为材料,研究其提取物对玉米幼苗生长、光合能力和叶片资源分配的影响。结果表明,不同水提液浓度(0.00~0.25 g/mL)对玉米幼苗生长(总根长、株高、总叶面积和总叶长)存在着显著的影响(P<0.05),与对照处理(0.00 g/mL)相比,0.02~0.11 g/mL内各浓度处理对玉米幼苗的茎、叶和根的生长和总生物量的积累都有促进效应,而在0.13~0.25 g/mL内各浓度处理有抑制效应。不同浓度水提液处理对比叶面积和叶面积率有着相似的“低促高抑”效应(P<0.05),低浓度处理玉米幼苗对光合同化组织的资源投入增加,比叶面积和叶面积率提高,而叶生物量分配则无显著变化(P>0.05)。处理1~3 d内,具有最大生长促进效应的0.02 g/mL处理和最大生长抑制效应的0.20 g/mL处理与对照处理的玉米幼苗最大净光合速率和表观量子效率没有显著差异(P>0.05)。不同浓度处理条件下,玉米幼苗生物量与比叶面积和叶面积率呈极显著正相关(P<0.001),这说明加拿大一枝黄花水提液对玉米幼苗生长的影响是通过改变对叶片资源投入,特别是叶面积生长的投入,而不是通过单位叶面积光合能力变化所导致的。低浓度化感物质对玉米幼苗生长的促进可能是细胞伸展性增强的结果。不同浓度化感物质可能是化感作用感知受体植物胁迫能力的一种信号,因此具有一定的生态适应意义。

Abstract: Although hormesis is commonly observed with the effects of plant allelochemicals on plant growth, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not clearly understood. Allelochemicals may affect plant growth via either plant resource investment in leaf tissue or photosynthesis capacity per unit leaf area. In this study, the effects of Solidago canadensis water extracts on maize seedling growth, photosynthesis capacity and biomass allocation to the total assimilation tissue were studied. The maize seedlings were cultivated in silica sand in an incubator with controlled conditions. Shoot water extracts with concentrations of 0-0.25 g/mL were applied to the maize seedlings. After 9 days treatment, plant growth (plant height, total root length, leaf length, leaf area and biomass of root, stem and leaf), photosynthesis capacity (light saturated photosynthesis rate, P_max), apparent quantum yield (AQY), dark respiration rate (R_d) and biomass allocation (LMR, leaf mass ratio, SLA, specific leaf area and LAR, leaf area ratio) were measured. The water extracts had significant effects on growth of the maize seedlings. Compared to the control (0 g/mL), the treatments with concentrations within 0.02-0.11 g/mL promoted growth, while the treatments with 0.143-0.250 g/mL inhibited growth. The water extracts had similar hormesis effects on SLA and LAR, but no significant effects were found for LMR. The P_max of plants treated with the concentrations of 0.02 and 0.20 g/mL, which caused the largest growth promotion and inhibition effects separately, did not differ significantly from the control treatment. The R_d of the 0.02 g/mL treatment was higher than that of the 0.20 g/mL treatment, although it was not significantly different from the control. Therefore, changes of the respiration rate could not explain the differentiated growth. Final biomass accumulation was significantly correlated with SLA and LAR, but not with LMR. These results indicate that the promotion or inhibition effects of S. canadensis water extracts on maize seedlings growth were not caused by changes in photosynthesis capacity per unit leaf area, but by changes of leaf area ratio and specific leaf area.

中图分类号:

S513.034

叶小齐,吴明,邵学新,梁雷. 加拿大一枝黄花水提液对玉米幼苗生长的化感作用及其机理[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 217-224.

YE Xiao-qi,WU Ming,SHAO Xue-xin,LIANG Lei. Effects of water extracts from Solidago canadensis on the growth of maize seedlings and the underlying photosynthetic mechanisms[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 217-224.

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