近10年新疆草地生态系统净初级生产力及其时空格局变化研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140305

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2001-2010年遥感监测和气象数据,采用CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型模拟分析新疆地区草地植被净初级生产力(NPP)及其时空变化特征。结果表明,新疆草地植被NPP空间分布特征受区域水热条件的制约,草地植被大体上由北向南依次出现高山与亚高山草甸、平原草地、草甸、荒漠草地和高山与亚高山草地,其NPP也逐渐由395 g C/(m²·a)减少到接近0 g C/(m²·a)。10年间,新疆草地NPP总量平均值为56.47 Tg C。新疆不同草地类型的NPP存在较大差异。其中,草甸的平均NPP最高,为155.29 g C/(m²·a);荒漠草地的平均NPP最低,为57.68 g C/(m²·a);总体表现为草甸>高山与亚高山草甸>平原草地>高山与亚高山草地>荒漠草地;新疆地区草地植被NPP整体水平较低,其中,高山与亚高山草甸、平原草地和草甸属于较低生产力的生态系统;而荒漠草地和高山与亚高山草地则属于最低生产力的生态系统。新疆主要草地植被6-8月NPP占全年NPP的63.17%。不同草地类型的平均NPP月际变化差异较大,均在7月达峰值。前7个月平均增长速度最快的是高山与亚高山草甸,最慢的是高山与亚高山草地;后5个月平均下降速度最快的是草甸,最慢的是荒漠草地。除草甸呈增长趋势外,其他4种草地类型的平均NPP总体上表现出一定的下降趋势,其中,平原草地的平均NPP下降速率最快。全区草地植被NPP总量在2007年达最高值,为60.21 Tg C/a,最低值出现在2006年,为53.41 Tg C/a。草甸是新疆5种草地类型中NPP总量唯一呈逐渐增长的草地类型,而其他4种草地类型均呈下降趋势,其中平原草地的NPP总量下降速率最快。近10年来,新疆全区草地植被总NPP的年际变化较大,有进一步下降趋势。

Abstract: Dynamic monitoring of regional NPP (net primary productivity) has important significance for research on global change. The NPP of Xinjiang grassland from 2001 to 2010 was estimated using an improved light use efficiency model based on MODIS-NDVI, land use classification data and meteorological data. Spatial-temporal variation features of grassland NPP from 2001 to 2010 in Xinjiang were studied and analysed. The spatial distribution of NPP in Xinjiang grassland was constrained by the regional hydrothermal conditions. Grassland types were generally distributed as alpine and sub-alpine meadow, plain grassland, meadow, desert grassland, alpine and sub-alpine grassland from north to south. The grassland NPP reduced from 395 g C/(m²·a) to near 0 g C/(m²·a) and 10-year average total NPP of Xinjiang grassland was 56.47 Tg C. Compared with other grassland types, mean NPP of meadow was the highest (155.29 g C/m²·a), while mean NPP of desert grassland was the lowest (57.68 g C/m²·a). The overall level of mean NPP was meadow>alpine and sub-alpine meadow>plain grassland>alpine and sub-alpine grassland>desert grassland. The overall level of grassland NPP in Xinjiang was rather low, where alpine and sub-alpine meadow, plain grassland and meadow belonged to lower productive ecosystems, and desert grassland, alpine and sub-alpine grassland belonged to the lowest productive ecosystems. On the main grasslands in Xinjiang, the NPP from June to August occupied 63.17% of the whole year. The monthly NPP in different grasslands changed differently but all peaked in July. Compared with other types, NPP of alpine and sub-alpine meadow increased more quickly in the first seven months, while alpine and sub-alpine grassland were the slowest. The decrease of meadow NPP was quicker than those of other grassland types in the last five months, while desert grassland was the slowest. With the exception of meadow, the mean NPP of the other four grassland types showed a downward trend from 2001 to 2010 in Xinjiang. Total NPP of grassland in Xinjiang reached the maximum (60.21 Tg C/a) in 2007, and dropped to the minimum (53.41 Tg C/a) in 2006. During the past 10 years, the grassland NPP in Xinjiang showed a great annual fluctuation but with an overall reduction trend.

中图分类号:

S812.29

杨红飞,刚成诚,穆少杰,章超斌,周伟,李建龙. 近10年新疆草地生态系统净初级生产力及其时空格局变化研究[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 39-50.

YANG Hong-fei,Gang Cheng-cheng,MU Shao-jie,ZHANG Chao-bin,ZHOU Wei,LI Jian-long. Analysis of the spatio-temporal variation in net primary productivity of grassland during the past 10 years in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(3): 39-50.

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