青贮时间及添加剂对高寒牧区燕麦-箭筈豌豆混播捆裹青贮发酵品质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015246

草业学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 148-157.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2015246

青贮时间及添加剂对高寒牧区燕麦-箭筈豌豆混播捆裹青贮发酵品质的影响

琚泽亮, 赵桂琴^*, 覃方锉, 焦婷

甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

收稿日期:2015-05-13 修回日期:2015-07-14 出版日期:2016-06-20 发布日期:2016-06-20
通讯作者: E-mail:zhaogq@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:琚泽亮(1991-),男,安徽宣州人,硕士。E-mail:juzliang@126.com
基金资助:
农业行业科研专项(201003023)和国家燕麦荞麦产业体系(CARS-08)资助

Effects of fermentation interval and additives on the quality of baled oat and common vetch mixture silage in an alpine area

JU Ze-Liang, ZHAO Gui-Qin^*, QIN Fang-Cuo, JIAO Ting

Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology System, Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2015-05-13 Revised:2015-07-14 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨青藏高原高寒牧区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播捆裹青贮的可行性,为该地区草产品加工提供技术依据,在甘南州夏河县研究了青贮时间与添加剂对燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播捆裹青贮品质的影响。在燕麦灌浆期、箭筈豌豆开花期刈割,添加玉米粉(4%)、尿素(0.4%)、Synlac Dry(0.002 g/kg)和Sila-Max 200 (0.0025 g/kg),以直接青贮为对照(CK),进行捆裹青贮。分别在青贮第40,80,120天开包取样,每处理各时间点3个重复,测定其营养指标、发酵指标和主要微生物类群数量。结果表明:青贮时间对燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播捆裹青贮品质影响显著。由于高寒牧区秋冬季气温很低,完成青贮发酵所需的时间明显增加,在青贮80 d左右发酵才能完成。添加尿素显著提高了青贮料的粗蛋白含量,但同时其氨态氮含量在青贮40,80和120 d时一直保持最高值,较对照分别增加了73.70%、189.60%和185.27%;pH值下降缓慢,青贮120 d后pH仍在4.2以上。添加玉米粉效果明显优于添加尿素。和非生物型添加剂相比,乳酸菌制剂的青贮效果更佳,不仅促进了发酵进程,而且提高了青贮发酵品质。添加Sila-Max 200青贮效果优于添加Synlac Dry,其LAB 数量在青贮40 d后较对照增加了9.88%,乳酸含量增加了110.77%,pH值显著(P<0.05)下降;在青贮80 d后乳酸含量仍为对照的2倍,显著(P<0.05)高于其他3个处理,pH已降至4.1以下。因此,在青藏高原高寒地区,燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播在燕麦灌浆期、箭筈豌豆开花期刈割,添加Sila-Max 200后捆裹青贮80 d即可获得优质的青贮料。

Abstract: In order to evaluate the feasibility of baling silage made from oat and common vetch mixtures in an alpine area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and to provide a technical reference for local forage production, the effects of fermentation interval and additives on the fermentation characteristics and quality of baled silage were assessed in Xiahe County, Gannan prefecture. Oat and common vetch were harvested at the grain filling and flowering stage respectively, baled and ensiled after treated with (1) corn flour (4% of fresh weight ); (2) urea (0.4% of fresh weight); (3) Synlac Dry (0.0002% of fresh weight); (4) Sila-Max 200 (0.00025% of fresh weight); (5) no additive (CK). All treatments had 3 replicates. Bales were sampled at 40, 80 and 120 days after ensiling. Measurements included microbial counts and community analyses were undertaken by plate-culture. The results showed that silage quality was significantly affected by the fermentation interval. The time needed to complete fermentation was increased because of low temperatures in autumn and winter, about 80 days. Adding urea significantly increased CP (crude protein) content, but NH₃-N content was highest in this treatment at 40, 80 and 120 d, 73.7%, 189.6% and 185.3% higher than the control, respectively. The pH fell slowly remaining above 4.2 at 120 d. The quality of silage supplemented with corn flour was superior to that supplemented with urea. Compared with non-biological additives, lactic acid bacteria promoted fermentation, improving the quality of the baled silage. Sila-Max 200 was superior to Synlac Dry, its LAB (lactic acid bacteria) count as 9.9% higher than the control at 40 d; additionally LA (lactic acid) content was by 110.77% and pH significantly (P<0.05) lower. After 80 d of ensiling, the LA content of Sila-Max 200 was still twice that of the control, significantly (P<0.05) higher than that all other treatments and pH was below 4.1. It was concluded that addition of Sila-Max 200 into baled mixed oat and vetch silage increased silage quality after 80 d ensiling.

琚泽亮, 赵桂琴, 覃方锉, 焦婷. 青贮时间及添加剂对高寒牧区燕麦-箭筈豌豆混播捆裹青贮发酵品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(6): 148-157.

JU Ze-Liang, ZHAO Gui-Qin, QIN Fang-Cuo, JIAO Ting. Effects of fermentation interval and additives on the quality of baled oat and common vetch mixture silage in an alpine area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(6): 148-157.

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青贮时间及添加剂对高寒牧区燕麦-箭筈豌豆混播捆裹青贮发酵品质的影响

Effects of fermentation interval and additives on the quality of baled oat and common vetch mixture silage in an alpine area

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