荒漠草原区人工柠条林地面节肢动物群落月动态变化

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140235

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以荒漠草原区6,15,24和36年生人工柠条林地为研究对象,通过陷阱诱捕法调查了每个林地5-9月地面节肢动物群落分布,揭示了地面节肢动物群落月动态变化规律及其与林龄的关系。结果表明,1)研究区共获得5纲13目62科72类群,按照食性差异划分为捕食性、植食性、腐食性、粪食性和杂食性以及寄生性6个营养功能群。步甲科、鳃金龟科以及拟步甲科(主要包括琵甲属、漠甲属和鳖甲属)是优势类群,其个体数占个体总数的46.71%。2)从5月到6月,每个柠条林地除已有植食性和杂食性类群外开始出现腐食性类群,7月只在36年林地开始出现捕食性优势类群,而8-9月每个林地均开始出现捕食性类群。随着林龄的增加,地面节肢动物食物网结构趋于复杂。3)6年生林地优势类群高峰期出现在9月,而在15年生林地出现在6和9月,24年生林地出现在6,8和9月,36年生林地优势类群高峰期出现在6,7,8和9月。随着林龄的增加,地面节肢动物优势类群月分布趋于稳定。4)6年生林地的最大类群密度以5和9月最高,8月最低;从15到24年林地逐步转变为5月最高而其他月份相对较低的模式;而到36年林地转变为5月最高,8月次之,而其他月份相对较低的模式。不同年龄林地对地面节肢动物群落个体数和丰富度的影响以8和9月影响最大,5-7月影响较小。5)研究表明,6~24年生柠条林地面节肢动物群落月动态波动剧烈,36年生柠条林地面节肢动物群落月动态趋于相对稳定,食物网结构趋于复杂。其中,8和9月地面节肢动物群落受到柠条年龄的影响较大。

Abstract: Taking 6, 15, 24, 36 year old artificial Caragana intermedia plantations in desert steppe as a subject, an investigation on ground arthropods from May to September was carried out using pitfall traps. The monthly changes of ground arthropod are discussed, together with their relationship to the stand age. 1) There were seventy-two groups captured and they belonged to 62 families, 13 orders and five classes. In light of the guilds, there were six functional groups: predator, phytophagous, saprophagous, coprophagous, omnivorous and parasitic animals. Carabidae, Tenebrionidae and Melolonthidae dominated the ground-arthropod community and comprised 46.71% of total individuals. 2) From May to June, such dominant groups as saprophagous animals were as abundant as phytophagous and omnivorous and parasitic animals in each shrubland. In July in 36-year-old shrubland, predator animals increased, while from August to September in each shrubland, they were the dominant groups. With increasing stand age, the food web tended to become more complicated in ground arthropod communities. 3) The peak of dominant groups in 6-year-old shrubland was in September, in 15-year-old shrubland it was in June and September, in 24-year-old shrubland it was in June, August and September, and in 36-year-old shrubland it was in June, July, August and September. With increasing stand age, the monthly distribution of dominant groups tended to be homogeneous in ground arthropod communities. 4) The maximum density in 6-year-old shrubland was in May and September, and the minimum was in August; From 15 to 24-year-old shrubland, the maximum density was in May with relatively low number of individuals in the other months; In 36-year-old shrubland, August followed May in maximum density. Stand age effects were maximum in August but minimum in May, June and July. 5) It is suggested that monthly changes of ground arthropods were strongly affected by stand age, which had direct influences on the structure and function of grassland ecosystems and related recovery processes.

中图分类号:

S812.29

刘任涛,朱凡. 荒漠草原区人工柠条林地面节肢动物群落月动态变化[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(2): 296-304.

LIU Ren-tao, ZHU Fan. Monthly changes of ground arthropods in artificial Caragana intermedia plantations in desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(2): 296-304.

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