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草业学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 11-21.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河首曲-玛曲县高寒草甸沙化动态演变趋势及其驱动因子定量分析

陈文业1,张瑾2,戚登臣1*,赵明1,张继强1,李广宇1,魏强1,王芳1,朱丽1,刘振恒3,孙飞达4,康建军1,罗文莉1   

  1. 1.甘肃省林业科学研究院,甘肃 兰州 730020;
    2.甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区管理局,甘肃 敦煌736200;
    3.甘肃省玛曲县草原总站,甘肃 玛曲 747300;
    4.四川农业大学草业科学系,四川 雅安 625014
  • 收稿日期:2012-10-17 出版日期:2013-02-25 发布日期:2013-04-20
  • 作者简介:陈文业(1978-),男,甘肃白银人,副研究员,学士。E-mail:gschwy@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201004045),国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC53B05),甘肃省技术研究与开发专项计划项目(0805TCYA020)和甘肃省科技重大攻关项目(2GS063-A31-010)资助。

Desertification dynamic change trend and quantitative analysis of driving factors of alpine meadow in Maqu County in the First Meander of the Yellow River

CHEN Wen-ye1, ZHANG Jin2, QI Deng-chen1, ZHAO-ming1, ZHANG Ji-qiang1, LI Guang-yu1, WEI Qiang1, WANG Fang1, ZHU Li1, LIU Zhen-heng3, SUN Fei-da4, KANG Jian-jun1, LUO Wen-li1   

  1. 1.Gansu Academy of Forestry Science and Technology Research, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    2.Administrative Bureau of Gansu Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve, Dunhuang 736200, China;
    3.Gansu General Grassland Station of Maqu County, Maqu 747300, China;
    4.College of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
  • Received:2012-10-17 Online:2013-02-25 Published:2013-04-20

摘要: 基于遥感和GIS技术,选取1975、1990、1994、2000、2005和2009年6期遥感影像,综合该区地形图、各期沙化监测资料以及土地利用图等资料,采用遥感动态监测、数据解译和野外调查相结合的研究方法,对甘肃省玛曲县近35 a来高寒草甸沙化的时空演变过程及其发展趋势进行了解析,并在此基础上,运用灰色关联度分析法,对其沙化驱动因素进行定量辨识和贡献率分析。结果表明,1)近35 a来研究区沙化在时间上表现为沙化土地面积处于持续扩张的态势,其扩展经历了缓慢增加-略有减少-快速增加的过程。其中流动沙地(丘)呈现缓慢上升-急速上升-逆转的变化趋势;半固定沙地(丘)呈现缓慢上升-急速上升-急速逆转的变化趋势;固定沙地(丘)呈现缓慢上升-逆转-急速上升的变化趋势。在空间上表现为沙化土地的分布区域呈沿黄河沿岸不断扩展态势。在沙化程度上表现为波动减弱趋势。2)各驱动因子与沙化土地总面积的关联排序为:国民生产总值>羊只存栏数>人口数量>年均气温>畜牧业总产值>年均降水量>大牲畜存栏数>年均蒸发量>牛羊肉总产量>干燥度指数>黄河径流量>年均风速;主要自然因素和人为因素对沙化土地总面积的驱动力比重分别为40.43%和59.57%。说明气候变暖的异常扰动导致草场沙化,为诱导和次要因素,人类不合理的活动加速了土地沙化的发展,为强化和主导因素。研究区草地沙化的扩展是2类因子共同作用和影响的综合过程。

Abstract: Based on the remote sensing and GIS technology and the methods of remote sensing dynamic monitoring, data interpretation combined with field investigation, the desertification space-time evolution process and its development trend of Maqu alpine meadow (Gansu) in recent 35 years was analyzed according to the selection of remote sensing image in 1975, 1990, 1994, 2000, 2005 and 2009, and integrated the topographic map, desertification monitoring data of each period and data of land use map. Based on this basis, the desertification drive factors are quantitatively identified and analyzed on contribution rate according to the grey correlation degree analysis method. The results show that, 1) the desertification in the research area showed a continuous expansion trend followed by time changes, and this trend developed a process of slow development→slight decrease→fast development. Mobile sand dunes developed a process of low development→rapid development→reverse, semi-fixed sand dunes developed a process of low development→rapid development→rapid reverse and fixed sand dunes showed a trend of slow development→reverse→rapid development. The spatial pattern of the desertification land distribution area showed an expanding situation and the desertification degree showed a trend of reducing volatility along the Yellow River. 2) the correlation order of driving factors and desertification land area is: GNP>number of sheep of each year>population>mean annual temperature>animal output value>mean annual precipitation>number of large animals of each year>mean annual evaporation>beef and mutton production>aridity index>runoff volume of the Yellow River>average wind speed; the driving force natural and human factors on the proportion of desertification land area were 40.43% and 59.57%, respectively. These results showed that abnormal disturbance of climatic warming was induced and the secondary factors which lead to grassland desertification, human irrational activities was the strengthened and leading factors which accelerated the land desertification development and the expansion of grassland desertification in the research area is the integrated process which is combined with action and influence of the two kinds of factors.

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