入侵植物空心莲子草对生菜和萝卜的化感效应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以萝卜和生菜为受体材料,采用培养皿生物测定法,探讨空心莲子草植株水浸提液的化感效应,同时测定相关保护酶活性变化,研究其作用机理。结果显示,空心莲子草植株水浸提液对萝卜和生菜种子发芽率表现出明显的化感抑制作用,随处理浓度增加抑制作用逐步增强。水浸提液对萝卜和生菜幼苗生长总体上表现为抑制,对胚根生长的抑制作用要明显大于胚轴。低浓度(0.01 g/mL)浸提液对胚轴的生长表现出促进作用,随浓度升高这种促进作用逐步减弱,当浓度达到0.04 g/mL时,胚轴生长均被明显抑制。浸提液对胚根长度和植株鲜重的抑制程度随着处理浓度升高而增强,高浓度下胚根生长几乎停滞。浸提液对保护酶活性的影响较为复杂,在低浓度条件下SOD、POD和CAT活性均不同程度的上升,随处理浓度的进一步增加SOD活性逐步下降,POD和CAT活性均表现为下降后再上升。萝卜和生菜幼苗的MDA含量随植株水浸提液处理浓度增加而持续增加,萝卜的增幅略大于生菜。

Abstract: Alternanthera philoxeroides is a worldwide weed. After invasion of A. philoxeroides, the local ecosystem can be irreversibly damaged and agricultural production seriously affected. Allelopathy is an effective chemical weapon in the invasion process of exotic weeds. With radish (Raphanus sativas) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) as receptor materials, the allelopathic effect of plant aqueous extract of A. philoxeroides was studied using a Petri dish bioassay. In this process, plant protective enzyme activity was also measured to clarify the allelopathic mechanism. Seed germination rates of lettuce and radish showed significant allelopathic inhibition which gradually increased with an increase of the A. philoxeroides plant aqueous extract concentration. This inhibition in lettuce was significantly greater than in radish. A. philoxeroides plant aqueous extracts caused a general inhibition of the radish and lettuce seedlings growth. Inhibition on radicle growth was significantly greater than on the hypocotyl. At low concentrations (0.01 g/mL), A. philoxeroides plant aqueous extracts promoted growth of hypocotyls but as the concentration increased, this promotion gradually diminished. Radish and lettuce hypocotyl growth were significantly inhibited at a concentration of 0.04 g/mL. The degree of inhibition of radicle length and fresh weight gradually increased with increasing concentrations. The radicle growth of radish and lettuce seedlings was almost inhibited at a concentration of 0.04 g/mL. The degree of inhibition of plant fresh weight in lettuce was more serious than in radish. Changes in protective enzyme activity were more complex. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased at low concentrations but as the concentration increased, SOD activity gradually decreased, while POD and CAT activities initially decreased and then increased. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of radish and lettuce seedlings increased with increased concentrations of A. philoxeroides plant aqueous extracts and the increase rate was slightly higher in radish than in lettuce. However, the MDA content increases at low concentrations were not significant. With a concentration of 0.04 g/mL of A. philoxeroides plants aqueous extract, MDA contents in both radish and lettuce seedlings increased rapidly. Compared with the control, the increased rate of MDA content in radish and lettuce seedlings were 116.67% and 98%, respectively.

中图分类号:

Q945.7

张志忠,石秋香,孙志浩,蓝茂锋. 入侵植物空心莲子草对生菜和萝卜的化感效应[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(1): 288-293.

ZHANG Zhi-zhong, SHI Qiu-xiang, SUN Zhi-hao, LAN Mao-feng. Allelopathy of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 288-293.

参考文献

[1] 沈国军, 徐正浩, 俞谷松. 空心莲子草的分布、危害与防除对策[J]. 植物保护, 2005, 31(3): 14-18.
[2] 郭连金, 徐卫红, 孙海玲, 等. 空心莲子草入侵对乡土植物群落组成及植物多样性的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2009, 26(7): 137-142.
[3] 翁伯琦, 林嵩, 王义祥. 空心莲子草在我国的适应性及入侵机制[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(7): 2373-2381.
[4] Callaway R M, Aschehoug E T. Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: A mechanism for exotic invasion[J]. Science, 2000, 290: 521-523.
[5] 张天瑞, 皇甫超河, 杨殿林, 等. 外来植物黄顶菊的入侵机制及生态调控技术研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 268-278.
[6] Abhilasha D, Quintana N, Vivanco J, et al. Do allelopathic compounds in invasive Solidago canadensis s.l. restrain the native European flora[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2008, 96(5): 993-1001.
[7] Zangerl A R, Berenbaum M R. Increase in toxicity of an invasive weed after reassociation with its coevolved herbivore[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005, 102(43): 15529-15532.
[8] 王桂芹, 高瑞如, 王玉良, 等. 异质生境空心莲子草的结构基础与生态适应性[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(4): 143-152.
[9] Wilson J R U, Yeates A, Schooler S, et al. Rapid response to shoot removal by the invasive wetland plant, alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2007, 60(1): 20-25.
[10] Schooler S, Cook T, Bourne A, et al. Selective herbicides reduce alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) biomass by enhancing competition[J]. Weed Science, 2008, 56: 259-264.
[11] Tony C, Graham P. Disturbance-mediated competition: the interacting roles of inundation regime and mechanical and herbicidal control in determining native and invasive plant abundance[J]. Biological Invasions, 2010, 12(9): 3351-3361.
[12] 喻大昭, 魏守辉, 朱文达, 等. 空心莲子草对水稻生长的影响及其经济阈值[J]. 植物保护学报, 2008, 35(1): 69-73.
[13] 张远兵, 刘爱荣, 吴倩. 空心莲子草水浸液对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应[J]. 热带作物学报, 2009, 30(10): 1526-1531.
[14] 李洁, 蒋娜, 范雪涛, 等. 空心莲子草化感效应的初步研究[J]. 种子, 2007, 26(12): 32-35.
[15] 徐蕊, 刘权, 燕志强, 等. 红车轴草对莴苣生长抑制作用研究[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 45-51.
[16] Hao Z P, Wang Q, Christie P, et al. Allelopathic potential of watermelon tissues and root exudates[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2007, 112(3): 315-320.
[17] Jefferson L V, Pennacchio M. Allelopathic effects of foliage extracts from four Chenopodiaceae species on seed germination[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2003, 55(2): 275-285.
[18] 王学奎. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术(第2版)[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[19] Willamson G B, Richardson D. Bioassays for allelopathy: measuring treatment responseswith independent controls[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1988, 14(1): 181-187.
[20] 万欢欢, 刘万学, 万方浩. 紫茎泽兰叶片凋落物对入侵地 4 种草本植物的化感作用[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(1): 130-134.
[21] 林文雄, 何华勤, 郭玉春, 等. 水稻化感作用及其生理生化特性的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12(6): 871-875.
[22] 聂呈荣, 曾任森, 黎华寿, 等. 三裂叶蟛蜞菊对花生化感作用的生理生化机理[J]. 花生学报, 2002, 31(3): 1-5.
[23] 郭鸿儒, 沈慧敏, 杨顺义, 等. 黄花蒿化感物质对受体燕麦化感作用机理的初步研究[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2008, 43(1): 102-104.