补播对高寒草甸生产力和植物多样性的影响

草业学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 305-309.

• 研究简报 • 上一篇

补播对高寒草甸生产力和植物多样性的影响

张永超,牛得草,韩潼,陈鸿洋,傅华^*

草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2011-01-04 出版日期:2012-02-25 发布日期:2012-04-20
通讯作者: E-mail:fuhua@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:张永超(1987-),男,陕西宝鸡人,在读硕士。E-mail:zhangych10@lzu.cn
基金资助:
国家科技支撑项目(2009BAC53B04;2008BAD95B03)和国家自然科学基金(30770333)资助。

Effect of reseeding on productivity and plant diversity on alpine meadows

ZHANG Yong-chao, NIU De-cao, HAN Tong, CHEN Hong-yang, FU Hua

State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2011-01-04 Online:2012-02-25 Published:2012-04-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解补播对高寒草甸退化草地恢复过程中群落生产力、功能群结构和物种多样性方面的影响,于2010年5月以位于青藏高原东段的玛曲高寒草甸为研究对象,进行了补播试验。结果表明,补播显著提高地上生物量,同时物种数和丰富度指数Margalef也有显著增加,其中补播处理地上生物量是不补播处理的1.31～1.44倍。补播后莎草类和禾草类地上生物量都呈增长趋势,补播后禾草类地上生物量显著提高,其中最高是不补播的2.7倍,杂类草在群落中所占比例显著降低。适量补播既可以使草地的经济价值得以提高,同时也有利于高寒退化草地的恢复和生态系统的稳定。

Abstract: The effects of reseeding on community productivity, the structure of functional groups and on plant diversity have been carried out since May 2010 in a reseeding experiment on Maqu degraded alpine meadow in the east of the Tibetan Plateau. After reseeding, the productivity, species richness and the richness index of Margalef significantly increased. Comparing the treatment without reseeding to that with reseeding, the productivity increased 31%-44%. The productivity of gramineae and sedge increased along with an increased quantity of reseeding,especially with sedges in which productivity was 2.7 times that in the treatment without reseeding. The proportion of forbs in the community was greatly reduced in response to the reseeding. In conclusion, proper reseeding could raise the utility value of alpine meadows but in the meantime it is better to recover degraded grassland and maintain the stability of the ecosystem.

中图分类号:

张永超,牛得草,韩潼,陈鸿洋,傅华. 补播对高寒草甸生产力和植物多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(2): 305-309.

ZHANG Yong-chao, NIU De-cao, HAN Tong, CHEN Hong-yang, FU Hua. Effect of reseeding on productivity and plant diversity on alpine meadows[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(2): 305-309.

参考文献

[1] 王素萍, 宋连春, 韩永翔, 等. 玛曲气候变化对生态环境的影响[J]. 冰川冻土, 2006, 28(4): 556-561.
[2] 王向涛, 张世虎, 陈懂懂, 等. 不同放牧强度下高寒草甸植被特征和土壤养分变化研究[J]. 草地学报, 2010, 18(4): 510-516.
[3] 曹建军, 任正炜, 杨勇, 等. 玛曲草地生态系统恢复成本条件价值评估[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(4): 1872-1880.
[4] 王红梅. 玛曲县草原荒漠化现状、成因及整治措施[J]. 草业科学, 2005, 22(11): 20-24.
[5] 仁青吉, 武高林, 任国华. 放牧强度对青藏高原东部高寒草甸植物群落特征的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(5): 256-261.
[6] 郑华平, 陈子萱, 牛俊义, 等. 补播禾草对玛曲高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3): 28-33.
[7] 马妙君, 周显辉, 吕正文, 等.青藏高原东缘封育和退化高寒草甸种子库差异[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(7): 3658-3664.
[8] 郭淑青, 齐威, 王玉林, 等. 青藏高原东缘海拔对植物种子大小的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 50-58.
[9] 王娟, 马文俊, 陈文业. 黄河首曲-玛曲高寒湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算[J]. 草业科学, 2010, 27(1): 25-30.
[10] 曹广民, 林丽, 张法伟, 等. 青藏高原高寒矮嵩草草甸稳定性的维持、丧失与恢复[J]. 草业科学, 2010, 27(8): 34-38.
[11] 朱丽, 李广宇, 魏强, 等. 玛曲退化草地生态修复研究[J]. 中国水土保持, 2010, (1): 28-38.
[12] 韩海涛, 祝小妮. 气候变化与人类活动对玛曲地区生态环境的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(4): 608-613.
[13] 卜繁超, 姚文军. 天然草地机械化补播改良技术及配套机具[J]. 新疆农机化, 2002, (5): 24-25.
[14] 安源, 王育青, 陈敏, 等. 沙地草场补播技术及其生态效益研究[J]. 草地学报, 1997, (1): 33.
[15] 陈文业, 郑华平, 戚登臣, 等. 黄河首曲沙化草地恢复重建模式研究[J]. 草业科学, 2008, 25(6): 14-18.
[16] 王辉, 任继周, 袁宏波. 黄河源区天然草地沙化机理分析研究[J]. 草业学报, 2006, 15(6): 19-25.
[17] 张云, 武高林, 任国华, 等. 封育后补播“高寒1号”生态草对玛曲退化高寒草甸生产力的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2009, 26(7): 99-104.
[18] 马玉明. 碌曲县天然草地围栏封育及补播改良效果分析[J]. 现代农业科技, 2009, (15): 328-330.
[19] 陈广夫, 蒋立宏, 蒋景纯, 等. 鄂温克可旗带状补播改良退化草甸草原技术试验研究[J]. 内蒙古草业, 2005, 17(4): 63-64.
[20] Tilman D. Niche tradeoffs, neutrality, and community structure: A stochastic theory of resource competition, invasion, and community assembly[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004, 101: 10854-10861.
[21] Rohde K. Vacant niches and the possible operation of natural laws in ecosystems[J]. Rivista di Biologia: Biology Forum, 2008, 101: 13-28.
[22] Kawata M. Invasion of vacant niches and subsequent sympatric speciation[J]. Proceeding of the Royal Society, 2002, 269: 55-63.
[23] 陈文业, 郑华平, 戚登臣, 等. 甘南玛曲高寒草甸草地沙化的研究[J]. 草原与草坪, 2008, 127(2): 77-80.
[24] May R M. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973.
[25] Goodman D. The theory of diversity-stability relationships in ecology[J]. Quarterly Review of Biology, 1975, 50: 237-266.
[26] McNaughton S J. Diversity and stability of ecological communities: a comment on the role of empiricism in ecology[J]. American Naturalist, 1977, 111: 515-525.
[27] Pimm S L. The complexity and stability of ecosystems[J]. Nature, 1984, 307: 321-326.
[28] Tilman D. Biodiversity: population versus ecosystem stability[J]. Ecology, 1996, 77: 350-363.
[29] Hubbel S P. The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001: 1-151.
[30] Caswell H. Community structure: a neutral model analysis[J]. Ecological Monographs, 1976, 46: 327-354.
[31] McKane A J, Alonso D, Sole R V. A mean-field stochastic theory for species-rich assembled communities[J]. Physical Review, 2000, 62: 8466-8484.
[32] McKane A J, Alonso A D, Sole R V. Analytic solution of Hubbell’s model of local community dynamics[J]. Theoretical Population Biology, 2004, 65: 67-73.
[33] Wang Z K, Yang X Q. Birth-death Processes and Markov Chain (2nd ed.)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2005.
[34] Foster B L, Tilman D. Seed limitation and the regulation of community structure in oak savanna grassland[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2003, 93: 999-1007.
[35] 江小雷, 岳静, 张卫国, 等. 生物多样性, 生态系统功能与时空尺度[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 219-229.

补播对高寒草甸生产力和植物多样性的影响

Effect of reseeding on productivity and plant diversity on alpine meadows

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 6

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	秦洁,鲍雅静,李政海,胡志超,高伟. 退化草地大针茅根系特征对氮素添加的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 40-48.
[2]	王理德，姚拓，何芳兰，韩福贵，郭春秀，王方琳，魏林源. 石羊河下游退耕区次生草地自然恢复过程及土壤酶活性的变化[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(4): 253-261.
[3]	王建兵,张德罡,曹广民 ,田青. 青藏高原高寒草甸退化演替的分区特征[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(2): 1-10.
[4]	周华坤,赵新全,温军,陈哲,姚步青,杨元武,徐维新,段吉闯. 黄河源区高寒草原的植被退化与土壤退化特征[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(5): 1-11.
[5]	龙会英,何华玄,张德,金杰,史亮涛,张明忠,白昌军. 干热河谷退化山地柱花草品种(系)比较试验[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 230-236.
[6]	李馨,熊康宁,龚进宏,陈永毕. 人工草地在喀斯特石漠化治理中的作用及其研究现状[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 279-286.