绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量及供氮能力的影响

草业学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 126-134.

绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量及供氮能力的影响

李正^1,2,刘国顺^1*,敬海霞^1,2,叶协锋¹,解昌盛²,向永光²,张文平³,杨超⁴,王永^1,5,习相银⁶

1.河南农业大学国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南郑州 450002;
2.重庆市烟草公司巫溪分公司,重庆 405800;
3.重庆市烟草公司武隆分公司,重庆 408500;
4.重庆市烟草公司,重庆 400023;
5.郑州经济技术开发区,河南郑州 450016;
6.西南大学,重庆 400708

收稿日期:2010-09-30 出版日期:2011-06-25 发布日期:2011-12-20
通讯作者: E-mail:liugsh1851@163.com
作者简介:李正(1981-),男,河南南阳人,在读硕士。E-mail:lizheng3003@126.com
基金资助:
国家烟草专卖局项目(200801001/200801002)资助。

Effects of green manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass C, N and nitrogen supplying characteristics of tobacco-planting soils

LI Zheng^1,2, LIU Guo-shun¹, JING Hai-xia^1,2, YE Xie-feng¹, XIE Chang-sheng², XIANG Yong-guang², ZHANG Wen-ping³, YANG Chao⁴, WANG Yong^1,5, XI Xiang-yin⁶

1.Henan Agricultural University National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
2.Wuxi Tobacco Company of Chongqing, Chongqing 405800, China;
3.Wulong Tobacco Company of Chongqing, Chongqing 408500, China;
4.Tobacco Company of Chongqing, Chongqing 400023, China;
5.Economic and Technological Development Zone of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450016, China;
6.Southwest University, Chongqing 400708,china

Received:2010-09-30 Online:2011-06-25 Published:2011-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过田间试验,研究绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤供氮能力的影响,为探索发展低碳烟草农业、构建资源节约型和环境友好型农业,实现烟叶生产的可持续发展和特色烟叶开发提供理论依据。结果表明,绿肥与化肥配施能明显提高土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮和土壤的供氮能力。在烟株生长发育过程中,绿肥与化肥的不同配施比例对土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮及土壤供氮能力的影响有明显的差异。与对照相比,配施绿肥的各处理在烟株不同生育时期土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮和脲酶活性的提高幅度分别为7.07%~123.32%,3.28%~157.69%和3.13%~50.00%,土壤全氮和碱解氮含量的最高提高幅度分别为22.21%和15.42%,绿肥配施量以15 000~22 500 kg/hm²的综合效果较好。在烟草不同生育时期,土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮的动态变化不同,微生物量碳的高峰出现在团棵期和现蕾期,而微生物量氮的高峰出现在团棵期和圆顶期。绿肥与化肥配施后,绿肥对促进微生物生物量增加和酶活性增强的贡献更大,绿肥矿化释放的氮素可以作为微生物量氮和土壤氮的重要给源,同时绿肥还具有明显的保存氮素的作用,能够提高土壤的供氮能力,表明配施绿肥后土壤生物过程活跃,有利于土壤有机物质的转化和烤烟正常生长所需要的营养供应。

Abstract: In field experiments, the effects of green manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass C, N and nitrogen supplying characteristics of tobacco-planting soils were studied to provide a theoretical basis to study low carbon agriculture and to build resource-saving, environment-friendly agriculture and to promote the sustainable development of tobacco agriculture and the production of tobacco leaves with specific characteristics. Green manure application combined with chemical fertilizers increased soil microbial biomass C, N and soil nitrogen supplying capacity. The effects of application ratio of green manure and chemical fertilizer were different at different growth stages. In comparison with the control at different growth stages, soil microbial biomass C, N and soil urease activity were increased 7.07%-123.32%, 3.28%-157.69% and 3.13%-50.00%, respectively by green manure application. The contents of soil total nitrogen and alkalytic nitrogen increased by 22.21% and 15.42%. The dynamics of microbial biomass C and N were different at different growth stages. Microbial biomass C peaked at the rosette stage and the budding stage, while microbial biomass N peaked at the rosette stage and the topping stage. The contribution of green manure to soil microbial biomass C, N and enzyme activity was greater than that of chemical fertilizer. Green manure was a main resource of soil microbial biomass N and soil nitrogen. At the same time, green manure also played an important role in the preservation of soil nitrogen. The above results revealed green manure application could promote the activity of soil organisms, favouring the turnover of organic matter in the soil and the provision of nutrition to meet the needs of tobacco's normal growth.

中图分类号:

S142
S154.3

李正,刘国顺,敬海霞,叶协锋,解昌盛,向永光,张文平,杨超,王永,习相银. 绿肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物量及供氮能力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 126-134.

LI Zheng, LIU Guo-shun, JING Hai-xia, YE Xie-feng, XIE Chang-sheng, XIANG Yong-guang, ZHANG Wen-ping, YANG Chao, WANG Yong, XI Xiang-yin. Effects of green manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass C, N and nitrogen supplying characteristics of tobacco-planting soils[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(6): 126-134.

参考文献

[1] 高云超, 朱文珊, 陈文新. 土壤微生物生物量周转的估算[J]. 生态学杂志, 1993, 12(6): 6-10.
[2] Zhang W J, Feng J X, Wu J, et al. Differences in soilmicrobial biomass and activity for six agroecosys-tems with a management disturbance gradient[J]. Pedosphere, 2004, 14(4): 441-447.
[3] Schnure J, Rosswall T. Mineralization of nitrogen from ¹⁵N labeled fungi soil microbial biomass and roots and its uptake by barely plant[J]. Plantand Soil, 1987, 102: 71-78.
[4] 王继红, 刘景双, 于君宝, 等. 氮磷肥对黑土玉米农田生态系统土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2004, 18(1): 35-38.
[5] 周卫军, 曾希柏, 张杨珠, 等. 施肥措施对不同母质发育的稻田生态系统土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(5): 1043-1048.
[6] Wu J, Brookes P C. The proportional mineralisation of microbial biomass and organic matter caused by air-drying and rewetting of a grassland soil[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2005, 37: 507-515.
[7] Devi N B, Yadava P S. Seasonal dynamics in soil microbial biomass C, N and P in a mixed-oak forest ecosystem of Manipur, Northeast India[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2006, 31: 220-227.
[8] 张成霞, 南志标. 土壤微生物生物量的研究进展[J]. 草业科学, 2010, 27(6): 50-57.
[9] Brookes P C, Landman A, Pruden G, et al. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil N: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1985, 17: 837-842.
[10] Singh J S, Raghubanshi A S, Singh R S, et al. Microbial biomass acts a source of plant nutrients in dry tropical forest and savanna[J]. Nature, 1989, 338: 499-500.
[11] Srivastava S C, Singh J S. Microbial C, N and P in dry tropical forest soils: Effects of alternate land-uses and nutrient flux[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1991, 23: 117-124.
[12] Rasmussen P E, Rohde C R. Long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on organic nitrogen and carbon in semiarid soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1988, 52(4): 1114-1117
[13] 刘杏兰, 高宗, 刘存寿, 等. 有机-无机肥配施的增产效应及对土壤肥力影响的定位研究[J]. 土壤学报, 1996, (2): 138-147.
[14] 张夫道. 长期施肥条件下土壤养分的动态和平衡Ⅱ. 对土壤氮的有效性和腐殖质氮组成的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 1996, 2(1): 39-48.
[15] Ocio J K, Brooks P C, Jenkinson D S. Field incorporation of straw and its effects on soil microbial biomass and soil inorganic N[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1991, 23: 171-186.
[16] 沈善敏. 无机氮肥对土壤氮矿化与固定的影响——兼论土壤氮的“激发效应”[J]. 土壤学报, 1986, 23: 10-16.
[17] Park J H, Kalbitz K, Matzner E. Resource control on the production of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in a deciduous forest floor[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2002, 34: 813-822.
[18] 张洁, 姚宇卿, 金轲, 等. 保护性耕作对坡耕地土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(4): 126-129.
[19] 杨晶, 沈禹颖, 南志标, 等. 保护性耕作对黄土高原玉米-小麦-大豆轮作系统产量及表层土壤碳管理指数的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2010, 19(1): 75-82.
[20] 周文新, 陈冬林, 卜毓坚, 等. 稻草还田对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J]. 环境科学学报, 2008, 28(2): 326-330.
[21] 宋日, 吴春胜, 牟金明, 等. 玉米根茬留田对土壤微生物量碳和酶活性动态变化特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(3): 303-306.
[22] 刘国顺, 罗贞宝, 王岩, 等. 绿肥翻压对烟田土壤理化性状及土壤微生物量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(1): 95-98.
[23] 刘国顺, 李正, 敬海霞, 等. 连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(6): 1472-1478.
[24] 李正, 刘国顺, 敬海霞, 等. 翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2011, 20(3): 225-232.
[25] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 1999.
[26] 关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986.
[27] Bradley L, Fyles J W. A kinetic parameter discribing soil available carbon and its relationship to rate increase in C mineralization[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1944, 22(2): 167-172.
[28] 韩晓日, 郑国砥, 刘晓燕, 等. 有机肥与化肥配合施用土壤微生物量氮动态、来源和供氮特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(4): 765-772.
[29] Puri G, Ashman M R. Relationship between soil microbial biomass and gross N mineralisation[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1992, 30: 251-25.
[30] Abbasi M K, Shah Z, Adams W A. Mineralization and nitrification potentials of grassland soils at shallow depth during laboratory incubation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2001, 164: 497-502.
[31] 徐阳春, 沈其荣, 冉炜. 长期免耕与施用有机肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2002, 39 (1): 89-96.
[32] 周礼恺. 土壤酶学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987.
[33] Kalbitz K, Solinger S, Park J H, et al. Controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in soils: A review[J]. Soil Science, 2000, 165: 277-304.
[34] 张亚丽, 张娟, 沈其荣, 等. 秸秆生物有机肥的施用对土壤供氮能力的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(12): 1575-1578.
[35] 胡诚, 曹志平, 叶钟年, 等. 不同的土壤培肥措施对低肥力农田土壤微生物生物量碳的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(3): 808-814.
[36] 路磊, 李忠佩, 车玉萍. 不同施肥处理对黄泥土微生物生物量碳和酶活性的影响[J]. 土壤, 2006, 38(3): 309-314.
[37] 武雪萍, 刘增俊, 赵跃华, 等. 施用芝麻饼肥对植烟根际土壤酶活性和微生物碳、氮的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(4): 541-546.
[38] 刘天毅, 李春英, 熊德中, 等. 烤烟有机肥与化肥配合施用效应的探讨[J]. 中国烟草科学, 2000, (4): 23-26.
[39] 陈留美, 吕家珑, 桂林国, 等. 新垦淡灰钙土微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及玉米产量的研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2006, 24(2): 48-51.
[40] 曹志平, 胡诚, 叶钟年, 等. 不同土壤培肥措施对华北高产农田土壤微生物生物量碳的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(5): 1486-1493.
[41] Fleischner T L. Ecological costs of livestock grazing in western North America[J]. Conservation Biology, 1994, 8: 629-644.
[42] Gunapala N, Scow K M. Dynamics of soil microbial biomass and activity in conventional and organic farming systems[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1998, 30: 805-816.
[43] 周建斌, 陈竹君, 李生秀. 土壤微生物量氮含量、矿化特性及其供氮作用[J]. 生态学报, 2001, 21(10): 1718-1723.
[44] 高云超, 朱文珊, 陈文新. 秸秆覆盖免耕土壤微生物生物量与养分转化的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 1994, 27(6): 41-49.
[45] 王岩, 刘国顺. 绿肥中养分释放规律及对烟叶品质的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2006, 43(2): 273-279.
[46] 史吉平, 张夫道, 林葆. 长期施用氮磷钾化肥和有机肥对土壤氮磷钾养分的影响[J]. 土壤肥料, 1998, (1): 7-10.