半干旱地区不同生育期菊芋生长特性与气体交换特征

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015550

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨半干旱地区不同生育期菊芋的生长特征和气体交换特性,加快菊芋高产品系选育进程。本文以菊芋块茎高产品系(LZJ004和LZJ119)和低产品系(LZJ018和LZJ188)为研究材料,研究不同生育期菊芋品系生长表型和光合生理基础。结果表明,各生育期菊芋高产品系株高、节长、叶片数及叶面积均高于低产品系。高产品系在花冠直径、花托直径、舌状花花瓣数量和花瓣长度方面分别比低产品系大44.94%、8.26%、12.11%和24.79%。高产品系净光合速率(P_n)高于低产品系。高产品系水分利用效率WUE(除根茎形成期外)高于低产品系,且整个生育期内高产品系水分利用效率变化不大。另外,菊芋高产品系P_n、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)对大气饱和水蒸汽压差(VPD)变化的敏感性小于低产品系。在整个生育期,菊芋高产品系表现出强的生长势和低的干旱胁迫敏感性,从而保证了地下块茎产量的高效形成。

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and gas exchange characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) at different growth stages in a semi-arid area. The growth phenotype and photosynthetic physiology of Jerusalem artichoke high-yield lines (LZJ004 and LZJ119) and low-yield lines (LZJ018 and LZJ188) were evaluated at different growth stages. The results showed that plant height, internode length, leaf number, and leaf area were greater in high-yield lines than in low-yield lines at each stage. Compared with low-yield lines, high-yield lines showed a 44.94%, 8.26%, 12.11%, and 4.79% increase in corolla diameter, receptacle diameter, ligulate petal number, and ligulate petal length, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of high-yield lines was higher than that of low-yield lines. The water use efficiency (WUE) was also higher in high-yield lines than in low-yield lines, except at the rhizome formation stage, and the WUE of high-yield lines did not vary widely among the different growth stages. The sensitivity of Pn, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate to changes in vapor pressure difference was lower in high-yield lines than in low-yield lines. During the whole growth period, the high-yield lines of Jerusalem artichoke had stronger growth potential and lower sensitivity to drought stress, which ensured highly efficient formation of underground tubers. This information will be useful to accelerate the breeding of high-yield Jerusalem artichoke cultivars.

杨彬, 吕世奇, 寇一翾, 孙杉, 赵长明. 半干旱地区不同生育期菊芋生长特性与气体交换特征[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(10): 77-85.

YANG Bin, LV Shi-Qi, KOU Yi-Xuan, SUN Shan, ZHAO Chang-Ming. Growth and gas exchange characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) at different growth stages in a semi-arid area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(10): 77-85.

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