4种间作模式下牧草根系特性及其碳、氮代谢特征研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究间作对牧草根系生长特性和碳、氮代谢特征的影响,通过田间试验,以紫花苜蓿、小黑麦、燕麦、玉米、甜高粱5种单作模式为参照,对紫花苜蓿/小黑麦、紫花苜蓿/燕麦、紫花苜蓿/玉米和紫花苜蓿/甜高粱4种间作模式进行了研究,采用目前先进的微根管观测系统并结合计算机成像技术对紫花苜蓿和4种禾本科牧草单作及间作下根系的生长状况进行了原位观测,并且对4种间作模式下碳、氮代谢关键酶及产物进行了研究。结果表明,无论单作还是间作,根系参数与碳、氮代谢各指标均呈正相关关系,其中根长、根表面积均与核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase)和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05),表明根系特性与碳、氮代谢具有一致性;4种间作模式下禾本科牧草的根长、根表面积等根系参数明显优化,而紫花苜蓿根系特性与单作相比表现不一,与玉米和甜高粱间作的紫花苜蓿其根系特性受到了明显地抑制(显著低于单作),表现为竞争弱势,而与小黑麦和燕麦间作的紫花苜蓿则未受影响;4种间作模式下禾本科牧草功能叶RuBPCase和NR活性与单作比均显著性增加,而紫花苜蓿功能叶RuBPCase和NR活性与单作相比趋势不尽相同,与玉米和甜高粱间作的紫花苜蓿其RuBPCase和NR活性显著低于单作,而与小黑麦和燕麦间作的紫花苜蓿则差异不显著。由此可见,供试牧草根系特性和碳、氮代谢特征表现趋势一致;在4种间作模式下根系特性和碳、氮代谢特征均表现为禾本科牧草优于豆科牧草;紫花苜蓿/小黑麦和紫花苜蓿/燕麦这2种间作模式下综合表现最佳。

关键词: 间作模式, 微根管法, 根系特性, 碳代谢, 氮代谢

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the effects of intercropping on root growth characteristics and carbon and nitrogen metabolism characteristics of some common forage crops. Five species monocultures (alfalfa, triticale, oat, maize and sweet sorghum) were used as reference crops in a field experiment, and four intercropping combinations (alfalfa/triticale, alfalfa/oat, alfalfa/maize and alfalfa/sweet sorghum) were evaluated. The root system growth of alfalfa and the four Poaceae crops under monoculture and intercropping were observed in situ through advanced minirhizotron and computer imaging technology, and the key enzymes and products of carbon and nitrogen metabolism under the four intercropping combinations were studied. It was found that the root parameters were very significantly (P<0.01) and positively correlated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism whether in monoculture or intercropping. Root length and surface area were significantly (P<0.05) and positively correlated with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and also with sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, indicating that the root characteristics were consistent with carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Root length, root surface area and other root system parameters of the four tested Poaceae forages were significantly enhanced when intercropped with alfalfa, while alfalfa performance differed between monoculture and intercropped treatments. Root systems of alfalfa intercropped with maize and sweet sorghum were significantly inhibited (significantly smaller than in monocropping), and the alfalfa plants showed weak competitive ability. However, root systems of alfalfa intercropped with triticale and oat were unaffected. When intercropped with alfalfa, functional leaf RuBPCase and NR activities of the four Poaceae species were significantly increased, compared with monocropping. For alfalfa functional leaves, RuBPCase and NR activities of alfalfa plants intercropped with maize and sweet sorghum were significantly lower than in monoculture, while leaf enzyme activities of alfalfa intercropped with triticale and oat were not significantly changed, compared to monoculture. In summary, in this study the root system development of the tested forages mirrored the leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism differences, and the four grasses outcompeted alfalfa in the intercropping treatments. The two intercropping mixtures alfalfa/triticale and alfalfa/oat had the best overall performance.

Key words: intercropping pattern, minirhizotron, root characteristics, carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism

蔺芳, 刘晓静, 童长春, 吴勇. 4种间作模式下牧草根系特性及其碳、氮代谢特征研究[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(9): 45-54.

LIN Fang, LIU Xiao-jing, TONG Chang-chun, WU Yong. A study of root system characteristics and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of alfalfa and four grass forages in monoculture or intercropped[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(9): 45-54.

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