我国农牧民补助奖励政策背景与成效

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019453

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 草原生态补助奖励政策是自2011年起实施的草原地区资金规模最大、受益农牧户最多的惠民政策,是通过给予农牧民补助奖励,支持鼓励农牧民合理利用草原、加快发展草牧业,解决人草畜矛盾的关键措施。中央政府不断完善政策内容、加大扶持力度,并按照“四到省”和“五到户”的原则,由地方政府结合地域实际创新性地落实政策,取得了显著的生态、经济和社会效益。与补奖前的2011年相比,草原鲜草产量提高了9.07%,植被综合盖度从51.0%提高到55.3%;政策执行以来,牛出栏率提高了1.3%,羊出栏率提高了4.2%,牧区和半农半牧区草食畜总量增加0.27亿头(只),实现了禁牧不禁养、减畜不减收的经济目标;政策通过转变畜牧业生产方式,实现了牧区人口转移,牧民对政策满意度高。当前,草原地区生产生态还不够协调平衡,人草畜矛盾尚未得到根本性解决,需要进一步完善农牧民补助奖励政策,促进草原保护建设和合理利用可持续发展。

关键词: 农牧民, 补奖政策, 背景, 成效

Abstract: China's ‘subsidy and award' policy for farmers and herdsmen which was implemented in 2011 is a project designed to benefit rural people, and to provide the largest practicable amount of capital and benefit to the largest possible number of people in grassland regions. It is a key measure to reconcile the conflicting needs of human populations, and of grassland and livestock husbandry by encouraging and supporting farmers and herdsmen to use the grassland in a reasonable way and develop an ecologically sustainable grassland-livestock industry. This has been achieved by providing farmers with subsidies and awards. The central government has continually reviewing the policy details for optimum impact, and improving the support level. Based on the ‘four-to-provinces' and ‘five-to-households' principle, local governments have shown astute attention to regional practices and local innovation, when administering the policy. Significant ecological, economic and social progress has been achieved since the inception of this policy. However, there is still a coordination gap and lack of congruence between production and ecological considerations, and the conflicts between needs of people, and management considerations of grassland and livestock systems remain incompletely resolved. Further adjustment needs to occur in the subsidy and award policy framework, aimed at promoting grassland protection, regeneration, and management, as well as sustainable development of the grassland industries.

Key words: farmers and herdsmen, subsidy and award policy, background, achievements

李新一, 尹晓飞, 周晓丽, 李平. 我国农牧民补助奖励政策背景与成效[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(7): 163-173.

LI Xin-yi, YIN Xiao-fei, ZHOU Xiao-li, LI Ping. Background and achievements of China's subsidy and award policy for farmers and herdsmen[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(7): 163-173.

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