草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 109-121.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022318
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
蒋晶晶1(), 陈爱昌2, 魏周全2, 孙兴明2, 徐美蓉3(), 李雪萍1, 杜蕙1, 漆永红1()
收稿日期:
2022-08-09
修回日期:
2022-11-21
出版日期:
2023-07-20
发布日期:
2023-05-26
通讯作者:
徐美蓉,漆永红
作者简介:
E-mail: xumeirong@gsagr.ac.cn基金资助:
Jing-jing JIANG1(), Ai-chang CHEN2, Zhou-quan WEI2, Xing-ming SUN2, Mei-rong XU3(), Xue-ping LI1, Hui DU1, Yong-hong QI1()
Received:
2022-08-09
Revised:
2022-11-21
Online:
2023-07-20
Published:
2023-05-26
Contact:
Mei-rong XU,Yong-hong QI
摘要:
为明确甘肃省陇西县黄芩根腐病镰孢菌种类,采用组织分离法对2019-2021年采集的136份病株进行分离,通过病原菌形态学特征、结合镰孢菌属通用引物、特异性引物及TEF序列分析,对病原菌进行鉴定并完成柯赫氏法则验证。结果表明,从黄芩根腐病样本上共分离到83株镰孢菌,分别为尖孢镰孢菌(39.8%)、茄病镰孢菌(36.1%)、锐顶镰孢菌(16.9%)、芬芳镰孢菌(4.8%)、木贼镰孢菌(1.2%)和柔毛镰孢菌(1.2%),其中尖孢镰孢菌和茄病镰孢菌为优势病原菌;致病性测定结果表明,不同的镰孢菌致病力不同,且同一种内各菌株的致病力差异显著;尖孢镰孢菌的相对病情指数最高,为9.0,而芬芳镰孢菌的相对病情指数最低,为1.2,木贼镰孢菌和柔毛镰孢菌没有致病性;黄芩受到镰孢菌侵染后,根部主要营养元素含量变化不显著,而微量元素锌、锰和铁的含量显著升高(P<0.05)。本研究在国内首次报道了锐顶镰孢菌和芬芳镰孢菌是黄芩根腐病的新病原菌,为科学诊断该病害、研究根腐病菌对黄芩胁迫的响应提供理论依据。
蒋晶晶, 陈爱昌, 魏周全, 孙兴明, 徐美蓉, 李雪萍, 杜蕙, 漆永红. 甘肃陇西黄芩镰孢菌根腐病病原鉴定及其病株根部元素含量的变化[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(7): 109-121.
Jing-jing JIANG, Ai-chang CHEN, Zhou-quan WEI, Xing-ming SUN, Mei-rong XU, Xue-ping LI, Hui DU, Yong-hong QI. Identification of Fusarium species from Scutellaria baicalensis root rot in Longxi, Gansu Province and effects on element contents of root[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(7): 109-121.
引物 Primer | 引物序列 Sequence(5'-3') | 片段大小 Size (bp) | 退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃) | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | ATTACTCCAGCATCCTTGC | 1000 | 50.0 | 镰孢菌通用引物Primer for Fusarium[ |
F2 | TTTACAACTCCCAAACCCC | |||
FS1 | CCGCCAGAGGACCCCTAACT | 300 | 57.0 | 茄病镰孢菌F. solani[ |
FS2 | TGTGCCCACAGGGGGCTT | |||
FO1 | AAGAAGTCGAAGAATACATCGCT | 700 | 59.0 | 尖孢镰孢菌Fusarium oxysporum[ |
FO2 | CGAGGAGTGTATGAGACGGC | |||
TEF-F | ATGGGTAAGGARGACAAGAC | 700 | 57.5 | 镰孢菌鉴定引物Primers for the identification of Fusarium[ |
TEF-R | GGARGTACCAGTSATCATGTT |
表1 引物序列
Table 1 Primers sequence
引物 Primer | 引物序列 Sequence(5'-3') | 片段大小 Size (bp) | 退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃) | 参考文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | ATTACTCCAGCATCCTTGC | 1000 | 50.0 | 镰孢菌通用引物Primer for Fusarium[ |
F2 | TTTACAACTCCCAAACCCC | |||
FS1 | CCGCCAGAGGACCCCTAACT | 300 | 57.0 | 茄病镰孢菌F. solani[ |
FS2 | TGTGCCCACAGGGGGCTT | |||
FO1 | AAGAAGTCGAAGAATACATCGCT | 700 | 59.0 | 尖孢镰孢菌Fusarium oxysporum[ |
FO2 | CGAGGAGTGTATGAGACGGC | |||
TEF-F | ATGGGTAAGGARGACAAGAC | 700 | 57.5 | 镰孢菌鉴定引物Primers for the identification of Fusarium[ |
TEF-R | GGARGTACCAGTSATCATGTT |
图1 黄芩根腐病田间发病症状A: 苗期发病植株Diseased plants at seedling stage; B: 成株期发病植株Diseased plants at adult stage; C: 轻度病根Diseased root at mild stage; D: 重度病根Diseased root at severe stage.
Fig.1 Symptoms of S. baicalensis root rot in the field
采样年份 Collection year | 镰孢菌株编号 Strain number of Fusarium | 采样地点 Collection site |
---|---|---|
2019 | HQ-1-2, HQ-1-6, HQ-1-9, HQ-1-12, HQ-1-17, HQ-1-23 | 通安驿镇马头川村Matouchuan Village,Tong’anyiTown |
HQ-3-1, HQ-3-2, HQ-3-4, HQ-3-5, HQ-3-7, HQ-3-8, HQ-3-9, HQ-3-11 | 通安驿镇牛站村Niuzhan Village,Tong’anyi Town | |
HQ-5-12, HQ-5-14, HQ-9-1 | 首阳镇李家营村Lijiaying Village,Shouyang Town | |
HQ-8-10 | 福星镇庞家岔村Pangjiacha Village,Fuxing Town | |
2020 | 2A-HQ-1, 2A-HQ-3 | 菜子镇二十铺村Ershipu Village,Caizi Town |
8A-HQ-2 | 碧岩镇王庄村Wangzhuang Village,Biyan Town | |
12A-HQ-5 | 文峰镇黄家门村Huangjiamen Village,Wenfeng Town | |
17A-HQ-2 | 文峰镇汪家坡村Wangjiapo Village,Wenfeng Town | |
22A-HQ-4 | 首阳镇三十铺村Sanshipu Village,Shouyang Town | |
27A-HQ-1, 27A-HQ-4 | 双泉镇胡家门村Hujiamen Village,Shuangquan Town | |
29A-HQ-1, 30A-HQ-1, 30A-HQ-2 | 柯寨镇葡萄村Putao Village,Kezhai Town | |
31A-HQ-2, 31A-HQ-6, 31A-HQ-9, 31A-HQ-11 | 柯寨镇张家湾村Zhangjiawan Village,Kezhai Town | |
1-HQ-2 | 通安驿镇马头川村Matouchuan Village,Tong’anyi Town | |
2-HQ-L-1, 2-HQ-L-3, 2-HQ-L-6, 2-HQ-B-4 | 通安驿镇高阳村Gaoyang Village,Tong’anyi Town | |
3-HQ-4 | 通安驿镇牛站村Niuzhan Village,Tong’anyi Town | |
4-HQ-3 | 文峰镇火焰村Huoyan Village,Wenfeng Town | |
7-HQ-4 | 福星镇裴家湾村Peijiawan Village,Fuxing Town | |
10-HQ-3, 10-HQ-5 | 菜子镇元阁村Yuange Village,Caizi Town | |
12-HQ-1, 12-HQ-3, 12-HQ-6 | 菜子镇中川村Zhongchuan Village,Caizi Town | |
13-HQ-1, 13-HQ-2, 13-HQ-3, 13-HQ-4, 13-HQ-6 | 菜子镇四店村Sidian Village,Caizi Town | |
14-HQ-1, 14-HQ-2, 14-HQ-3, 14-HQ-5 | 菜子镇蔡家峪村Caijiayu Village,Caizi Town | |
2021 | HQ-R-1, HQ-R-2, HQ-R-4, HQ-R-5, HQ-R-6, HQ-R-7, HQ-R-9, HQ-R-10, HQ-R-11, HQ-R-12, HQ-R-13, HQ-R-15, HQ-R-16, HQ-R-17, HQ-R-18, HQ-R-19, HQ-R-20, HQ-R-24, HQ-R-26, HQ-R-27, HQ-R-28, HQ-R-30, HQ-R-42, HQ-R-44, HQ-R-45, HQ-R-46, HQ-R-47, HQ-X-7 | 福星镇李家湾村Lijiawan Village,Fuxing Town |
表2 陇西县不同地区镰孢菌的分离信息
Table 2 Isolation information of Fusarium in Longxi County
采样年份 Collection year | 镰孢菌株编号 Strain number of Fusarium | 采样地点 Collection site |
---|---|---|
2019 | HQ-1-2, HQ-1-6, HQ-1-9, HQ-1-12, HQ-1-17, HQ-1-23 | 通安驿镇马头川村Matouchuan Village,Tong’anyiTown |
HQ-3-1, HQ-3-2, HQ-3-4, HQ-3-5, HQ-3-7, HQ-3-8, HQ-3-9, HQ-3-11 | 通安驿镇牛站村Niuzhan Village,Tong’anyi Town | |
HQ-5-12, HQ-5-14, HQ-9-1 | 首阳镇李家营村Lijiaying Village,Shouyang Town | |
HQ-8-10 | 福星镇庞家岔村Pangjiacha Village,Fuxing Town | |
2020 | 2A-HQ-1, 2A-HQ-3 | 菜子镇二十铺村Ershipu Village,Caizi Town |
8A-HQ-2 | 碧岩镇王庄村Wangzhuang Village,Biyan Town | |
12A-HQ-5 | 文峰镇黄家门村Huangjiamen Village,Wenfeng Town | |
17A-HQ-2 | 文峰镇汪家坡村Wangjiapo Village,Wenfeng Town | |
22A-HQ-4 | 首阳镇三十铺村Sanshipu Village,Shouyang Town | |
27A-HQ-1, 27A-HQ-4 | 双泉镇胡家门村Hujiamen Village,Shuangquan Town | |
29A-HQ-1, 30A-HQ-1, 30A-HQ-2 | 柯寨镇葡萄村Putao Village,Kezhai Town | |
31A-HQ-2, 31A-HQ-6, 31A-HQ-9, 31A-HQ-11 | 柯寨镇张家湾村Zhangjiawan Village,Kezhai Town | |
1-HQ-2 | 通安驿镇马头川村Matouchuan Village,Tong’anyi Town | |
2-HQ-L-1, 2-HQ-L-3, 2-HQ-L-6, 2-HQ-B-4 | 通安驿镇高阳村Gaoyang Village,Tong’anyi Town | |
3-HQ-4 | 通安驿镇牛站村Niuzhan Village,Tong’anyi Town | |
4-HQ-3 | 文峰镇火焰村Huoyan Village,Wenfeng Town | |
7-HQ-4 | 福星镇裴家湾村Peijiawan Village,Fuxing Town | |
10-HQ-3, 10-HQ-5 | 菜子镇元阁村Yuange Village,Caizi Town | |
12-HQ-1, 12-HQ-3, 12-HQ-6 | 菜子镇中川村Zhongchuan Village,Caizi Town | |
13-HQ-1, 13-HQ-2, 13-HQ-3, 13-HQ-4, 13-HQ-6 | 菜子镇四店村Sidian Village,Caizi Town | |
14-HQ-1, 14-HQ-2, 14-HQ-3, 14-HQ-5 | 菜子镇蔡家峪村Caijiayu Village,Caizi Town | |
2021 | HQ-R-1, HQ-R-2, HQ-R-4, HQ-R-5, HQ-R-6, HQ-R-7, HQ-R-9, HQ-R-10, HQ-R-11, HQ-R-12, HQ-R-13, HQ-R-15, HQ-R-16, HQ-R-17, HQ-R-18, HQ-R-19, HQ-R-20, HQ-R-24, HQ-R-26, HQ-R-27, HQ-R-28, HQ-R-30, HQ-R-42, HQ-R-44, HQ-R-45, HQ-R-46, HQ-R-47, HQ-X-7 | 福星镇李家湾村Lijiawan Village,Fuxing Town |
图2 不同镰孢菌在PSA (A、B) 和CLA (C) 培养基上的形态特征A1~A6: 菌落正面Colony obverse; B1~B6: 菌落背面Colony reverse; C1~C6: 分生孢子Conidium; 标尺为20 μm Scar bars=20 μm.
Fig.2 Morphological characteristics of different Fusarium on PSA (A, B) and CLA (C) medium
图3 基于TEF序列采用邻接法构建代表菌株及其相似菌株的系统发育树
Fig.3 Phylogenetic tree of representative strains and the related strains based on TEF gene sequences by using neighbor-joining method
病原菌种类 Species of pathogens | 分离率 Isolation rates (%) | 致病菌株比例 Ratio of pathogenic strains (%) | 菌株编号 Isolate code | 发病率 Incidence rate (%) | 相对发病率 Relative incidence rate (%) | 病情指数 Disease index | 相对病情指数 Relative disease index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尖孢镰孢菌 F. oxysporum | 39.8 | 45.5 | HQ-3-1 | 55.6±11.1b | 27.6±2.2a | 38.9 | 9.0 |
HQ-3-11 | 100.0±0.0a | 47.2 | |||||
HQ-8-10 | 88.9±11.1a | 66.7 | |||||
2-HQ-B-4 | 100.0±0.0a | 75.0 | |||||
1-HQ-2 | 55.6±11.1b | 47.2 | |||||
3-HQ-4 | 100.0±0.0a | 100.0 | |||||
7-HQ-4 | 100.0±0.0a | 88.9 | |||||
2A-HQ-1 | 100.0±0.0a | 55.6 | |||||
2A-HQ-3 | 100.0±0.0a | 55.6 | |||||
12A-HQ-5 | 55.6±11.1b | 47.2 | |||||
HQ-R-9 | 33.3±11.1bc | 33.3 | |||||
HQ-R-13 | 22.2±11.1c | 16.7 | |||||
HQ-R-24 | 100.0±0.0a | 50.0 | |||||
HQ-R-30 | 11.1±11.1c | 11.1 | |||||
HQ-R-45 | 11.1±11.1c | 11.1 | |||||
茄病镰孢菌 F. solani | 36.1 | 40.0 | HQ-1-6 | 100.0±0.0a | 27.4±10.2a | 66.7 | 7.8 |
HQ-1-9 | 100.0±0.0a | 69.4 | |||||
HQ-9-1 | 100.0±0.0a | 69.4 | |||||
10-HQ-5 | 100.0±0.0a | 69.4 | |||||
12-HQ-6 | 77.8±11.1ab | 63.9 | |||||
14-HQ-2 | 77.8±11.1ab | 61.1 | |||||
17A-HQ-2 | 66.7±0.0b | 55.6 | |||||
27A-HQ-4 | 66.7±19.3b | 47.2 | |||||
31A-HQ-6 | 66.7±0.0b | 41.7 | |||||
HQ-R-4 | 33.3±0.0c | 25.0 | |||||
HQ-R-28 | 22.2±11.1c | 11.1 | |||||
2-HQ-L-6 | 100.0±0.0a | 63.9 | |||||
锐顶镰孢菌 F. acuminatum | 16.9 | 50.0 | HQ-5-12 | 100.0±0.0a | 11.3±6.0b | 83.3 | 5.3 |
HQ-5-14 | 100.0±0.0a | 100.0 | |||||
4-HQ-3 | 55.6±11.1b | 52.8 | |||||
10-HQ-3 | 100.0±0.0a | 100.0 | |||||
12-HQ-3 | 44.4±22.2bc | 44.4 | |||||
13-HQ-1 | 55.6±11.1b | 50.0 | |||||
HQ-R-44 | 11.1±11.1c | 11.1 | |||||
芬芳镰孢菌F. redolens | 4.8 | 25.0 | 14-HQ-1 | 100.0±0.0a | 4.8±0.0c | 100.0 | 1.2 |
表3 致病镰孢菌的致病性测定
Table 3 Pathogenicity testing of pathogenic Fusarium
病原菌种类 Species of pathogens | 分离率 Isolation rates (%) | 致病菌株比例 Ratio of pathogenic strains (%) | 菌株编号 Isolate code | 发病率 Incidence rate (%) | 相对发病率 Relative incidence rate (%) | 病情指数 Disease index | 相对病情指数 Relative disease index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尖孢镰孢菌 F. oxysporum | 39.8 | 45.5 | HQ-3-1 | 55.6±11.1b | 27.6±2.2a | 38.9 | 9.0 |
HQ-3-11 | 100.0±0.0a | 47.2 | |||||
HQ-8-10 | 88.9±11.1a | 66.7 | |||||
2-HQ-B-4 | 100.0±0.0a | 75.0 | |||||
1-HQ-2 | 55.6±11.1b | 47.2 | |||||
3-HQ-4 | 100.0±0.0a | 100.0 | |||||
7-HQ-4 | 100.0±0.0a | 88.9 | |||||
2A-HQ-1 | 100.0±0.0a | 55.6 | |||||
2A-HQ-3 | 100.0±0.0a | 55.6 | |||||
12A-HQ-5 | 55.6±11.1b | 47.2 | |||||
HQ-R-9 | 33.3±11.1bc | 33.3 | |||||
HQ-R-13 | 22.2±11.1c | 16.7 | |||||
HQ-R-24 | 100.0±0.0a | 50.0 | |||||
HQ-R-30 | 11.1±11.1c | 11.1 | |||||
HQ-R-45 | 11.1±11.1c | 11.1 | |||||
茄病镰孢菌 F. solani | 36.1 | 40.0 | HQ-1-6 | 100.0±0.0a | 27.4±10.2a | 66.7 | 7.8 |
HQ-1-9 | 100.0±0.0a | 69.4 | |||||
HQ-9-1 | 100.0±0.0a | 69.4 | |||||
10-HQ-5 | 100.0±0.0a | 69.4 | |||||
12-HQ-6 | 77.8±11.1ab | 63.9 | |||||
14-HQ-2 | 77.8±11.1ab | 61.1 | |||||
17A-HQ-2 | 66.7±0.0b | 55.6 | |||||
27A-HQ-4 | 66.7±19.3b | 47.2 | |||||
31A-HQ-6 | 66.7±0.0b | 41.7 | |||||
HQ-R-4 | 33.3±0.0c | 25.0 | |||||
HQ-R-28 | 22.2±11.1c | 11.1 | |||||
2-HQ-L-6 | 100.0±0.0a | 63.9 | |||||
锐顶镰孢菌 F. acuminatum | 16.9 | 50.0 | HQ-5-12 | 100.0±0.0a | 11.3±6.0b | 83.3 | 5.3 |
HQ-5-14 | 100.0±0.0a | 100.0 | |||||
4-HQ-3 | 55.6±11.1b | 52.8 | |||||
10-HQ-3 | 100.0±0.0a | 100.0 | |||||
12-HQ-3 | 44.4±22.2bc | 44.4 | |||||
13-HQ-1 | 55.6±11.1b | 50.0 | |||||
HQ-R-44 | 11.1±11.1c | 11.1 | |||||
芬芳镰孢菌F. redolens | 4.8 | 25.0 | 14-HQ-1 | 100.0±0.0a | 4.8±0.0c | 100.0 | 1.2 |
图4 镰孢菌接种离体根致病性测定A: 空白对照CK; B: 尖孢镰孢菌F. oxysporum; C: 茄病镰孢菌F. solani; D: 锐顶镰孢菌F. acuminatum; E: 芬芳镰孢菌F. redolens.
Fig.4 Pathogenicity testing inoculated roots with Fusariumin vitro
处理 Treatments | 总灰分 Total ash (%) | 蛋白质 Protein (g·100 g-1) | 总糖 Total sugar (g·100 g-1) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (g·100 g-1) | N (g·kg-1) | P (g·kg-1) | K (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
病根Diseased roots | 6.00±0.04a | 5.50±0.07a | 23.00±0.11b | 10.50±0.24a | 8.80±0.05a | 1.57±0.27a | 9.25±0.04a |
健根Healthy roots | 5.80±0.02a | 5.00±0.04a | 29.20±0.08a | 12.70±0.17a | 7.99±0.09a | 1.02±0.18a | 11.78±0.07a |
表4 根腐病菌对黄芩根部营养元素含量的影响
Table 4 Effect of Fusarium on nutrient elements of S. baicalensis roots
处理 Treatments | 总灰分 Total ash (%) | 蛋白质 Protein (g·100 g-1) | 总糖 Total sugar (g·100 g-1) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (g·100 g-1) | N (g·kg-1) | P (g·kg-1) | K (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
病根Diseased roots | 6.00±0.04a | 5.50±0.07a | 23.00±0.11b | 10.50±0.24a | 8.80±0.05a | 1.57±0.27a | 9.25±0.04a |
健根Healthy roots | 5.80±0.02a | 5.00±0.04a | 29.20±0.08a | 12.70±0.17a | 7.99±0.09a | 1.02±0.18a | 11.78±0.07a |
处理 Treatments | Zn (mg·kg-1) | Mn (mg·kg-1) | Cu (mg·kg-1) | Fe (mg·kg-1) | Ca (g·kg-1) | Mg (g·kg-1) | B (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
病根Diseased roots | 19.00±0.18a | 24.80±0.24a | 9.30±0.13a | 496.00±0.09a | 4.72±0.27a | 3.07±0.09a | 10.50±0.15a |
健根Healthy roots | 12.30±0.09b | 19.50±0.14b | 7.60±0.11a | 384.00±0.10b | 3.66±0.16a | 3.27±0.12a | 12.90±0.15a |
表5 根腐病对黄芩根部微量元素含量的影响
Table 5 Effect of Fusarium on micro element of S. baicalensi roots
处理 Treatments | Zn (mg·kg-1) | Mn (mg·kg-1) | Cu (mg·kg-1) | Fe (mg·kg-1) | Ca (g·kg-1) | Mg (g·kg-1) | B (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
病根Diseased roots | 19.00±0.18a | 24.80±0.24a | 9.30±0.13a | 496.00±0.09a | 4.72±0.27a | 3.07±0.09a | 10.50±0.15a |
健根Healthy roots | 12.30±0.09b | 19.50±0.14b | 7.60±0.11a | 384.00±0.10b | 3.66±0.16a | 3.27±0.12a | 12.90±0.15a |
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