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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 34-44.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024054

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

外来入侵植物长刺蒺藜草在我国的地理分布格局及其影响因素

韩雨轩1,2,3(), 王瑞3, 郝丽芬2, 袁海滨1(), 林克剑2()   

  1. 1.吉林农业大学植物保护学院,吉林 长春 130118
    2.农业农村部人工草地生物灾害监测与绿色防控重点实验室,中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    3.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-05 修回日期:2024-03-25 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 袁海滨,林克剑
  • 作者简介:yuanhaibin@jlau.edu.cn
    E-mail: linkejian@caas.cn
    韩雨轩(1999-),女,吉林松原人,在读硕士。E-mail: m15904380409@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1400300)

The geographic distribution pattern and factors influencing the spread in China of the invasive alien plant Cenchrus longispinus

Yu-xuan HAN1,2,3(), Rui WANG3, Li-fen HAO2, Hai-bin YUAN1(), Ke-jian LIN2()   

  1. 1.College of Plant Protection,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Biohazard Monitoring and Green Prevention and Control for Artificial Grassland,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Grassland Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China
    3.State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
  • Received:2024-02-05 Revised:2024-03-25 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-10-09
  • Contact: Hai-bin YUAN,Ke-jian LIN

摘要:

外来植物长刺蒺藜草的入侵已对我国北方草原和农牧交错带造成了极大危害。已开展的研究主要集中在长刺蒺藜草生物学特性、防治措施等,但是其在我国发生的入侵和扩散蔓延规律、地理分布格局及其影响因素并不清楚。基于此,以标本、文献、实地调查等数据重建长刺蒺藜草在我国的入侵历史过程;通过空间分析等方法揭示其空间分布格局和扩散蔓延的时空异质性;基于主成分分析对8种环境因子进行筛选,识别影响分布和扩散格局的关键因素。长刺蒺藜草最早于1963年入侵辽宁省锦州市,此后扩散至邻近的内蒙古东南部和吉林西部,目前在这里已经形成了入侵聚集区且还处在扩散蔓延阶段,同时于2010年扩散至内蒙古西部并形成了新的聚集区。长刺蒺藜草在辽宁省的扩散呈各向异性,主要向北向西扩散,而基本没有向西南方向扩散。长刺蒺藜草于20世纪70年代在北京市朝阳区和河北省秦皇岛有分布记录,但此后基本没有扩散。长刺蒺藜草传入辽宁和北京后扩散方向和范围的异质性可能是由于传入后不能定殖导致的。传入和定殖区间的因子分析结果表明土壤碳酸钙含量、年平均降水量、表层土壤沙子含量以及表层土壤碳氮比是影响传入后能否定殖的关键因子。未来进行风险评估时应该考虑长刺蒺藜草种群在不同土壤环境中的适应性和繁殖能力,全面解析不同环境中的繁殖生长特性和入侵能力,为精准识别定殖风险区、制定高效监测与防控措施,抑制进一步扩散蔓延提供科学支撑。

关键词: 入侵植物, 长刺蒺藜草, 分布格局, 扩散蔓延, 种群建立, 碳酸钙

Abstract:

The invasion of Cenchrus longispinus has caused great harm to the northern grassland and the ecotone of agriculture and grazing land in China. Most of the studies have focused on the biological characteristics of, and control measures for C.longispinus, but its invasion and spread mechanisms, geographical distribution pattern and factors influencing these in China are not clear. Hence, we reconstructed the invasion history of C. longispinus in China using data from herbarium specimens, literature, field surveys, and other sources. This spatial analysis approach revealed the spatial distribution pattern of C. longispinus, and the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of its spread. We selected 8 environmental factors based on principal component analysis to identify the key factors that influence distribution and spread patterns. C.longispinus first invaded Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province in 1963, then spread to the southeastern part of Inner Mongolia and western Jilin, where it has formed an invasion infestation and is still spreading. It has also spread to western Inner Mongolia since 2010 and formed a new infestation. The spread of C.longispinus in Liaoning Province shows anisotropy, mainly spreading north and west, with little spread to the southwest. C. longispinus was recorded in Chaoyang District, Beijing and Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province in the 1970s, but subsequently did not spread. The heterogeneity of the direction and pattern of C. longispinus spread in Liaoning and Beijing after introduction may be due to its inability to establish a stable and growing population after introduction. The factor analysis results of the introduction and establishment area show that soil calcium carbonate content, annual average precipitation, surface soil sand content, and surface soil carbon to nitrogen ratio are the key factors affecting whether C. longispinus can establish after introduction. In future risk assessments, the adaptability and reproductive capacity of C. longispinus populations in different soil environments should be considered. To better understand risk of spread, the reproductive growth characteristics and invasiveness in different environments should be fully analyzed. Such data will provide scientific support for accurately identification of areas at risk of colonization and will assist formulation of efficient monitoring and control measures to inhibit further C.longispinus spread.

Key words: invasive plant, Cenchrus longispinus, distribution pattern, dispersal, population establishment, calcium carbonate