草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 34-44.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024054
韩雨轩1,2,3(), 王瑞3, 郝丽芬2, 袁海滨1(), 林克剑2()
收稿日期:
2024-02-05
修回日期:
2024-03-25
出版日期:
2024-12-20
发布日期:
2024-10-09
通讯作者:
袁海滨,林克剑
作者简介:
yuanhaibin@jlau.edu.cn基金资助:
Yu-xuan HAN1,2,3(), Rui WANG3, Li-fen HAO2, Hai-bin YUAN1(), Ke-jian LIN2()
Received:
2024-02-05
Revised:
2024-03-25
Online:
2024-12-20
Published:
2024-10-09
Contact:
Hai-bin YUAN,Ke-jian LIN
摘要:
外来植物长刺蒺藜草的入侵已对我国北方草原和农牧交错带造成了极大危害。已开展的研究主要集中在长刺蒺藜草生物学特性、防治措施等,但是其在我国发生的入侵和扩散蔓延规律、地理分布格局及其影响因素并不清楚。基于此,以标本、文献、实地调查等数据重建长刺蒺藜草在我国的入侵历史过程;通过空间分析等方法揭示其空间分布格局和扩散蔓延的时空异质性;基于主成分分析对8种环境因子进行筛选,识别影响分布和扩散格局的关键因素。长刺蒺藜草最早于1963年入侵辽宁省锦州市,此后扩散至邻近的内蒙古东南部和吉林西部,目前在这里已经形成了入侵聚集区且还处在扩散蔓延阶段,同时于2010年扩散至内蒙古西部并形成了新的聚集区。长刺蒺藜草在辽宁省的扩散呈各向异性,主要向北向西扩散,而基本没有向西南方向扩散。长刺蒺藜草于20世纪70年代在北京市朝阳区和河北省秦皇岛有分布记录,但此后基本没有扩散。长刺蒺藜草传入辽宁和北京后扩散方向和范围的异质性可能是由于传入后不能定殖导致的。传入和定殖区间的因子分析结果表明土壤碳酸钙含量、年平均降水量、表层土壤沙子含量以及表层土壤碳氮比是影响传入后能否定殖的关键因子。未来进行风险评估时应该考虑长刺蒺藜草种群在不同土壤环境中的适应性和繁殖能力,全面解析不同环境中的繁殖生长特性和入侵能力,为精准识别定殖风险区、制定高效监测与防控措施,抑制进一步扩散蔓延提供科学支撑。
韩雨轩, 王瑞, 郝丽芬, 袁海滨, 林克剑. 外来入侵植物长刺蒺藜草在我国的地理分布格局及其影响因素[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(12): 34-44.
Yu-xuan HAN, Rui WANG, Li-fen HAO, Hai-bin YUAN, Ke-jian LIN. The geographic distribution pattern and factors influencing the spread in China of the invasive alien plant Cenchrus longispinus[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(12): 34-44.
图1 长刺蒺藜草在我国的分布该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站GS(2019)1822号标准地图制作,底图边界无修改,下同。The map is based on the standard map of GS(2019)1822, the standard map service website of the Ministry of Natural Resources, and the boundary of the bottom map is not modified, the same below.
Fig.1 Distribution of C. longispinus in China
环境因子 Environmental factors | 因子载荷 Factor loading | ||
---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | |
年均地表温度AAST | 0.589 | 0.005 | -0.584 |
归一化植被指数NDVI | -0.559 | 0.162 | 0.571 |
年均降水量Annual average precipitation | -0.844 | 0.135 | 0.237 |
表层土壤沙子含量SSSC | 0.162 | -0.906 | 0.170 |
碳酸钙含量Soil calcium carbonate content | 0.824 | 0.074 | 0.427 |
土壤类型Soil type | 0.652 | -0.233 | 0.171 |
表层土壤碳氮比Surface soil C/N | 0.350 | 0.869 | -0.052 |
土壤pH值Soil pH value | 0.791 | 0.172 | 0.493 |
特征值Eigenvalue | 3.250 | 1.711 | 1.210 |
百分比方差Percentage variance (%) | 40.631 | 21.383 | 15.122 |
累积百分比方差CPV (%) | 40.631 | 62.014 | 77.136 |
表1 各环境因子主成分的特征值及累积方差
Table 1 Eigenvalues and cumulative variance of principal components of various environmental factors
环境因子 Environmental factors | 因子载荷 Factor loading | ||
---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | |
年均地表温度AAST | 0.589 | 0.005 | -0.584 |
归一化植被指数NDVI | -0.559 | 0.162 | 0.571 |
年均降水量Annual average precipitation | -0.844 | 0.135 | 0.237 |
表层土壤沙子含量SSSC | 0.162 | -0.906 | 0.170 |
碳酸钙含量Soil calcium carbonate content | 0.824 | 0.074 | 0.427 |
土壤类型Soil type | 0.652 | -0.233 | 0.171 |
表层土壤碳氮比Surface soil C/N | 0.350 | 0.869 | -0.052 |
土壤pH值Soil pH value | 0.791 | 0.172 | 0.493 |
特征值Eigenvalue | 3.250 | 1.711 | 1.210 |
百分比方差Percentage variance (%) | 40.631 | 21.383 | 15.122 |
累积百分比方差CPV (%) | 40.631 | 62.014 | 77.136 |
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