Abstract: 289 sample quadrats of Juglans cathayensis were set up in the Nature Conservation Area in Xinjiang and the ecological structure of their angiosperm composition has been analyzed. The 193 species of angiosperm observed belong to 49 families, 6 growth forms of plant, 4 growth forms of root, 6 life forms, 5 ecological types of water and 6 forage value types. The most common species is Cornpositae (17.1%), followed by Gramineae (11.4%) and Rosaceae (7.3%). In terms of plant growth form, 33.7% are of the erect type, 28.0% the tuft type and 14.5% the half bottom of lotus seed type. With regard to root growth form, most species belong to tap root type (69.9%), followed by rhizome (19.7%) and brush root (8.8%). Most angiosperm belong to the hemicryptophyte life form (33.2%), followed by geophyte (23.3%) and therophyte (21.2%). Mesophyte are the most common ecological type of water (73.1%), followed by xerophytic (10.9%). In terms of forage value, excellent and good quality species predominate (67.3%), with coarse, poisonous and inedible types making up only 11.4%. This study shows that in the Nature Conservation Area of J. cathayensis, plants and roots take on the typical hemicryptophytic and xerophytic characteristics of a temperate plant community and most species possess high forage value.