Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on seedling growth and total alkaloids of Sophora flavescens

Abstract

Abstract: The effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on seedling growth, chlorophyll, Chl concentration, total alkaloids concentration and total alkaloids yield of Sophora flavescens was studied. Four levels of N were applied at the rates of 0 (Control), 38, 75, and 150 kg/hm² using urea (N 46%) fertilizer, and three levels of P at 0 (Control), 23, and 45 kg/hm² using single superphosphate (P₂O₅ 12%) in a virgin land test. Seedling stem height, bud numbers, plant fresh weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight of S. flavescens increased significantly when N and P were applied. The interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus was significant. The treatment of 150 kg/hm² N and 23 kg/hm² P led to significantly (P≤0.05) greater stem height, bud numbers, plant fresh weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight than the control (increases of 27.1%,31.7%,123.2%,104.8%, and 120.0% respectively). The results for the treatment of 75 kg/hm² N and 23 kg/hm² P were close to these. Root dry weight/root fresh weight and root dry weight/total plant dry weight increased with P applied. The root diameter and the xylem diameter were greatest with 150 kg/hm² N and 23 kg/hm² P applied, increasing by 26.4% and 39.8% respectively compared with the control (P≤0.05). There was a significant positive effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on root bark thickness which increased with N and P applied to a maximum at 45 kg/hm² P applied. The treatment of 150 kg/hm² N and 23 kg/hm² P led to significantly (P≤0.05) greater leaflet numbers per plant, leaflet area, plant area, leaflet fresh weight, leaflet dry weight than the control (50.9%, 79.8%, 168.0%, 58.5%, and 87.1% respectively). There were positive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on seedling Chl concentration, total alkaloids concentration and total alkaloids yield of S. flavescens. Chl concentration and total alkaloids concentration were greatest with 75 kg/hm² N and 45 kg/hm² P applied, increasing by 80.3% and 71.0% respectively compared with the control (P≤0.05). It is proposed that the positive effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on root dry weight is due to the positive effect on main root dry weight, and that the root diameter increased with N and P applied due to the increase in xylem diameter and root bark depth, and that total alkaloids concentration increased with N and P applied due to the increase in Chl concentration.

CLC Number:

S567.5⁺30.62

LIN Hai-ming, JI Ying, WANG Bin, DU Yan-bin. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on seedling growth and total alkaloids of Sophora flavescens[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(3): 102-109.

References

[1] 李新旺, 门明新, 王树涛, 等. 长期施肥对华北平原潮土作物产量及农田养分平衡的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(1): 9-16.
[2] 孙羲. 植物营养与肥料[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2001.
[3] 黄勤楼, 钟珍梅, 黄秀声, 等. 施氮对禾本科牧草硝酸盐积累和氮素回收率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(3): 47-52.
[4] 黄军, 王高峰, 安沙舟. 施氮对退化草甸植被结构和生物量及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2009, 26(3): 75-78.
[5] Xu D, Dell B, Malajczuk N, et al. Effects of P fertilisation on productivity and nutrient accumulation in a Eucalyptus grandis×E. urophylla plantation in southern China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, 161(1-3): 89-100.
[6] Adebooye O C, Oloyede F M. Effect of phosphorus on the fruit yield and food value of two landraces of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Cucurbitaceae[J]. Food Chemistry, 2007, 100(3): 1259-1264.
[7] 康利允, 文祥朋, 马政华, 等. 磷锌配施对玉米棒三叶叶绿素含量及超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学学报, 2006, 22(10): 124-128.
[8] Peng S, Garcia F V, Laza R C, et al. Increased N use efficiency using a chlorophyll meter on high-yielding irrigated rice[J]. Field Crops Research, 1996, 47: 243-252.
[9] 代向阳, 徐程杨, 马履一. 氮磷配比对水曲柳光合作用的影响[J]. 山东林业科技, 2006, 163(2): 1-6.
[10] 沃勒G R, 诺瓦茨基E K. 生物碱的生物学及其在植物中的代谢作用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1984.
[11] Sreevalli Y, Kulkarni R N, Baskaran K, et al. Increasing the content of leaf and root alkaloids of high alkaloid content mutants of periwinkle through nitrogen fertilization[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2004, 19: 191-195.
[12] 纪瑛, 蔺海明, 陈垣, 等. 施氮对苦豆子生物量及生物碱积累的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(3):40-46.
[13] 纪瑛, 张庆霞, 蔺海明, 等. 氮肥对苦参生长和生物总碱的效应[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3):159-164.
[14] Scibor-Marchocka A. Comparative studies on the homologous types of bitter and fodder white lupine[J]. Acta Agrobot, 1970, 23(1): 23-38.
[15] 楼之岑, 秦波. 常用中药材品种整理和质量研究[M]. 北京: 北京大学医学出版社, 1995: 343-376.
[16] 苗抗立. 苦参的化学成分及药理研究进展[J]. 天然产物的研究与开发, 2001, 13(4): 8-11.
[17] 郝再彬, 苍晶, 徐仲. 植物生理实验[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2004: 46.
[18] 刘志才, 毕鸿亮. 应用紫外分光光度法测定苦参总碱的含量[J]. 黑龙江医药, 2001, 14(3): 174-175.
[19] Wink M, Meibner C, Witte L. Patterns of quinolizidine alkaloids in 56 species of the genus Lupinus[J]. Phytochemistry, 1995, 38(1): 139-153.
[20] 国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(一部)[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2005: 141.
[21] 张守润, 纪瑛, 蔺海明. 施氮对苦豆子生物性状和生物量积累动态的响应[J]. 草业科学, 2008, 25(3): 37-42.
[22] Graciano C, Guiamét J J, Goya J F. Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on drought responses in Eucalyptus grandis seedlings[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, 212(1): 40-49.
[23] Graciano C, Goya J F, Jorge L, et al. Fertilization with phosphorus increases soil nitrogen absorption in young plants of Eucalyptus grandis[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2006, 236(12): 202-210.
[24] 纪瑛, 张庆霞, 杜彦斌, 等. 磷肥对苦参生长和生物碱的效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(5): 1142-1146.
[25] Aniszewski T, Ciesioka D, Gulewicz K. Equilibrium between basic nitrogen compounds in lupin seeds with differentiated alkaloid content[J]. Phytochemistry, 2001, 57(1): 43-50.
[26] Wink M, Hartmann T. Localization of the enzymes of quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in leaf chloroplasts of Lupinus polyphyllus[J]. Plant Physiology, 1982, 70: 74-77.