Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the soil nematode community in Tibetan Plateau alpine meadows

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015035

Abstract

Abstract: Soil nematodes are sensitive to environmental changes and are widely used as indicators of soil conditions. Here we monitored temporal dynamics of the soil nematode community using a multi-level N and P addition experiment in the eastern Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow under grazing conditions. The results showed N and P fertilizer applications slightly improved the diversity (H') and the total number of soil nematodes, but that the maturity index (MI) declined with increases in the fertilizer gradient. The abundance of fungivores and predators decreased whereas bacterivorous nematodes significantly increased after P input. With lower-level applications of N and P fertilizer, the abundance of herbivorous nematodes was low but that of omnivores was high. The abundance of cp-1 (colonizer-persister) and cp-3 group nematodes increased with increases in the fertilizer gradient. The largest abundance of cp-1 and cp-3 appeared in treatments with moderate N and P fertilizer applications. We found a significantly positive relationship between bacterivorous nematodes, cp-1 and available phosphorus. The response of soil nematodes to different kinds of fertilizer is probably caused by grazing.

WANG Jing, HU Jing, DU Guo-Zhen. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the soil nematode community in Tibetan Plateau alpine meadows[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(12): 20-28.

References

[1] Wu T, Ayres E, Bardgett R D, et al . Molecular study of worldwide distribution and diversity of soil animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011, 108: 17720-17725.
[2] Yeates G W, Bongers T, De Goede R, et al . Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera: an outline for soil ecologists. Nematology, 1993, 25: 315-331.
[3] Bongers T, Bongers M. Functional diversity of nematodes. Applied Soil Ecology, 1998, 10: 239-251.
[4] Pan F J, Xu Y L, McLaughlin N B, et al . Response of soil nematode community structure and diversity to long-term land use in the black soil region in China. Ecological Research, 2012, 27(4): 701-714.
[5] Bardgett R D, Wardle D A, Yeates G W. Linking above-ground and below-ground interactions: how plant responses to foliar herbivory influence soil organisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 30: 1867-1878.
[6] Bongers T, Ferris H. Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 1999, 14: 224-228.
[7] Verhoef H, Brussaard L. Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in natural and agroecosystems: the contribution of soil animals. Biogeochemistry, 1990, 11: 175-211.
[8] Liang W, Lou Y, Li Q, et al . Nematode faunal response to long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure in Northeast China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41: 883-890.
[9] Wei C, Zheng H, Li Q, et al . Nitrogen addition regulates soil nematode community composition through ammonium suppression. PLoS One, 2012, 7(8): e43384.
[10] Murray P J, Cook R, Currie A F, et al . Interactions between fertilizer addition, plants and the soil environment: Implications for soil faunal structure and diversity. Applied Soil Ecology, 2006, 33: 199-207.
[11] De Deyn G B, Raaijmakers C E, Van Ruijven J, et al . Plant species identity and diversity effects on different trophic levels of nematodes in the soil food web. Oikos, 2004, 106: 576-586.
[12] Sarathchandra S U, Ghani A, Yeates G W, et al . Effect of nitrogen and phosphate fertilisers on microbial and nematode diversity in pasture soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33: 953-964.
[13] Qi S, Zhao X R, Zheng H X, et al . Changes of soil biodiversity in Inner Mongolia steppe after 5 years of N and P fertilizer application. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2010, 30(20): 5518-5526.
[14] Lu R K. Soil and Agricultural Chemical Analysis[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Sci-Tech Press, 2000.
[15] Oostenbrink M. Estimating nematode populations by some selected methods. Nematologica, 1960, 6: 85-102.
[16] Seinhorst J W. On the killing, fixing and transferring to glycerin of nematodes. Nematologica, 1962, 8: 29-32.
[17] Yin W Y. Pictorial Keys to Soil Animals of China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1998.
[18] Wu J H. Studies of Freshwater and Soil Nematodes of China[D]. Wuhan: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Sciences, 1999.
[19] Jairajpuri M S, Ahmad W. Dorylaimida-Freeliving, Predaceous and Plant-parasitic Nematodes[M]. New Delhi: Printed in India at Pauls Press, 1992.
[20] Goodey T. Soil and Freshwater Nematodes[M]. London: Printed and Bound in Great Britain by Butler and Tanner, 1951.
[21] Liang W J, Zhang W M, Li W G, et al . Effect of chemical fertilizer on nematode community composition and diversity in the black soil region. Biodiversity Science, 2001, 9(3): 237-240.
[22] Shannon C E, Weaver W. The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M]. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1949.
[23] Bongers T. The maturity index: An ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia, 1990, 83: 14-19.
[24] Xue H Y, Hu F, Luo D Q.Effects of alpine meadow plant communities on soil nematode functional structure in Northern Tibet, China. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2013, 33(5): 1482-1494.
[25] Wardle D A, Bardgett R D, Klironomos J N, et al . Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota. Science, 2004, 304: 1629-1633.
[26] Polis G A, Strong D R. Food web complexity and community dynamics. American Naturalist, 1996, 147: 813-846.
[27] Freckman D W, Ettema C H. Assessing nematode communities in agroecosystems of varying human intervention. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Envionment, 1993, 45: 239-261.
[28] Wardle D A, Yeates G W. The dual importance of competition and predation as regulatory forces in terrestrial ecosystems, evidence from decomposer food webs. Oecologia, 1993, 93: 303-306.
[29] Bardgett R D, Jones A C, Jones D L, et al . Soil microbial community patterns related to the history and intensity of grazing in sub-montane ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33: 1653-1664.
[30] Ferris H, Venette R C, van der Meulen H R, et al . Nitrogen mineralization by bacterial-feeding nematodes: verification and measurement. Plant and Soil, 1998, 203: 159-171.
[31] Pineiro G, Paruelo J M, Oesterheld M, et al . Pathways of grazing effects on soil organic carbon and nitrogen. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 2010, 63: 109-119.
[13] 齐莎, 赵小蓉, 郑海霞, 等.内蒙古典型草原连续5年施用氮磷肥土壤生物多样性的变化. 生态学报, 2010, 30(20): 5518-5526.
[14] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000.
[17] 尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998.
[18] 吴纪华.中国淡水和土壤线虫的研究[D]. 武汉: 中国科学院水生生物研究所, 1999.
[24] 薛会英, 胡锋, 罗大庆.藏北高寒草甸植物群落对土壤线虫群落功能结构的影响. 生态学报, 2013, 33(5): 1482-1494.