Physical properties of different turfgrass rootzone soil mixes and their effects on the growth of ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’ zoysiagrass

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015524

Abstract

Abstract: Sports turf quality mainly depends on the turf-bed structure and its construction quality, and the choice of rootzone soil mixes greatly affects the turf quality, its usage and the maintenance budget in the longer term. ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica cv. Lanyin No.Ⅲ) is widely used in sports turf in southern China. This study aimed to examine the effects of five different rootzone mixes with varying physical properties on turf growth of ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’ zoysiagrass. The five rootzone mixes were 100% puresand (A), sand∶peat (85%∶15%) (B), sand∶soil (85%∶15%) (C), sand∶soil∶peat (85.0%∶7.5%∶7.5%) (D), and 100% pure soil (E). Soil bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the rootzone mixes were measured, together with turf color, regrowth rate and aboveground biomass to determine the effects of the various rootzone media on the growth of ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’ zoysiagrass. The bulk densities of the five rootzone media differed in the early stage of establishment, but did not differ in the late stage of establishment. Air permeability and hydraulic conductivity of the rootzone media containing sand were significantly higher than those with pure soil. However, the sand rootzones media containing 15% soil, 15% peat, or mixture of 7.5% peat and 7.5% soil showed no obvious differences in soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity. The rootzone media comprising pure soil produced good turf quality with better color, regrowth speed and more aboveground biomass than the other media. The turf quality when turves were grown on rootzone media of sand mixed with peat, soil, and mixtures of peat and soil were similar, and slightly better than those grown in pure sand. Based on the above results, it is considered that a sand rootzone medium is suitable for the construction of ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’ zoysiagrass sports turf because it has more aeration and better drainage than the other media. The rootzone medium comprising pure soil was not suitable for sports turf because of poor aeration and drainage ability.

SONG Hua-Wei, LIU Ying, WANG Chen, LIU Tian-Zeng, ZHANG Ju-Ming. Physical properties of different turfgrass rootzone soil mixes and their effects on the growth of ‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’ zoysiagrass[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(7): 177-185.

References

[1] Baker S W, Mooney S J, Cook A. The effects of sand type and rootzone on golf green performance. I. Soil properties. Journal of Turfgrass Science, 1999, 75: 2-17.
[2] Habeck J, Christians N. Time alters greens’ key characteristics. Golf. Course Management, 2000, 68(5): 54-60.
[3] Song G L, Han L B. Research progress of effect factors on the playing quality of soccer pitches. Grassland of China, 2003, 25(1): 54-61.
[4] Zhang J M, Baker S W, Yang Z Y. Analysis of sands suitable for rootzone mixes for putting green construction. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2006, 28(4): 96-100.
[5] Murphy J A, Samarnayake H, Honig J A, et al . Creeping bentgrass establishment on sand-based rootzones varying in amendment. USGA Turfgrass and Environmental Research Online, 2004, 3(10): 1-15.
[6] Ma L, Wen K J, Zhang Z G. Study on permeability regulation of sand-based sports turf. Pratacultural Science, 2006, 23(1): 84-88.
[7] Murphy J A, Honig J A, Samarnayake H, et al . Creeping bentgrass establishment on rootzones varying in sand sizes. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 2001, (9): 573-579.
[8] Zhang J M, Wang X L. Design and construction on turf of sport ground. China Sport Science and Technology, 2006, 42(2): 140-143.
[9] Swartz W E, Krdos L T. Effects of compaction on physical properties of sand-soil-peat mixtures of various moisture contents. Agronomy Journal, 1963, 55: 7-10.
[10] Song G L, Han L B, Li D Y. Effect of different sand/soil ratio on soil water-holding characteristic of sports turf rootzone. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2008, 39(2): 233-238.
[11] Huang X L, Liu J, Yang Z M. Study on biomass and root system distribution characteristics of sport turf in different substrate compositions. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(5): 98-106.
[12] Brown K W, Thomas J V, Almodares A. Organic matter sources and placements during root zone modification as they affect seedling emergence and initial turf quality: preliminary report. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1981, (3831/3851): 91-96.
[13] McCoy E L. Quantitative physical assessment of organic materials used in sports turf rootzone mixes. Agronomy Journal, 1992, 84: 375-381.
[14] Xi J B, Zhang H X, Zhang Z X, et al . Winter-green technology on Zoysia japonica Lanyin NO.3 sports field turf in south subtropical region. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2005, 44(4): 92-95.
[15] Zhao Y, Li J Y, Duan Y X, et al . Responses of three Zoysia grass species to salt stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(11): 109-117.
[16] Zhang H. Soil Environment Experiment Tutorial[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, 2009.
[17] Chen L X. Soil Experiment Practice Tutorial[M]. Harbin: Northeast Forestry University, 2005.
[18] Baron V S, Dick A C, Mapfumo E, et al . Grazing impacts on soil nitrogen and phosphorus under Parkland pastures. Journal of Range Management, 2001, 54(6): 704-710.
[19] Drewry J J, Littlejohn R P, Paton R J, et al . Dairy pasture responses to soil physical properties. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2004, 42: 99-105.
[20] USGA Green Section Staff. USGA recommendations for putting green construction. Green Section Record, 1993, (2): 1-3.
[21] Han L B. Sports Turf[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2004.
[22] Song G L. Study on Rootzone Misture and Effect on the Growth of Sport Turf[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2006.
[23] Ma L, Zhang Z G. The peat effect on physical and chemical properties of rootzone media of sand-based sports field and turfgrass. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 37(2): 330-333.
[24] Li C H, Shi X H.The Lawn Soil Science[M]. Beijing: Chinese Opera Press, 2006.
[25] Mao Q Z, Yang X T, Miao L. The ecological roles and influencing factors of plant root architecture. Henan Science, 2008, (2): 172-176.
[26] Liu Y Y, Dell E, Yao H Y. Microbial and soil properties in bentgrass putting greens: Impacts of nitrogen fertilization rates. Geoderma, 2011, 162(1/2): 215-221.
[27] Wang C T, Long R J, Wang G X, et al . Relationship between plant communities, characters, soil physical and chemical properties, and soil microbiology in alpine meadows. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(6): 25-34.
[28] Bian X J, Hu L, Li X L, et al . Effect of nitrogen and potassium levels on the growth and turf quality of perennial ryegrass. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2000, 9(1): 55-59.
[29] Watson J, Hebert F, Lyons E M, et al . Velvet bentgrass and creeping bentgrass growth, rooting, and quality with different root zone media and fertility regimes. HortScience, 2012, 47(2): 205-211.
[30] Badra A, Parent L E, Desjardins Y, et al . Quantitative and qualitative responses of an established Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) turf to N, P and K additions. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2005, 85(1): 193-204.
[31] Burnett S, Quisenberry V L, Mccarty L B, et al . Distribution of water in USGA recommended sands as affected by bridging factor. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 2005, 10: 1144-1149.
[32] Li D, Minner D D, Christians N E, et al . Evaluating the impact of variable root zone depth on the hydraulic properties of sand-based turf systems. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 2005, 10: 1100-1107.
[33] Cao L L, Liu Y, Zhang J M, et al . Effect of five turf-bed substrates on the root growth and distribution of Zoysia japonica ‘Lanyin No. Ⅲ’. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2014, 22(3): 639-644.
[34] Wang X Q, Shu C Q, Wang H S, et al . Influence of new established golf green rootzone mixtures on soil microbial, enzyme activities and bermudagrass performances. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2013, 21(2): 339-345.
[35] Wei W T. The main disease and insect of lawn and their control in Guangxi. Journal of Guangxi Agriculture, 2012, 27(5): 36-38.
[3] 宋桂龙, 韩烈保. 足球场草坪运动质量影响因素的研究进展. 中国草地, 2003, 25(1): 54-61.
[4] 张巨明, Baker S W, 杨中艺. 高尔夫球场果岭坪床材料沙的适宜性分析. 中国草地学报, 2006, 28(4): 96-100.
[6] 马力, 温克军, 张志国. 运动场草坪砂基坪床渗透性的调节研究. 草业科学, 2006, 23(1): 84-88.
[8] 张巨明, 王新力. 运动场草坪坪床设计与建造. 中国体育科技, 2006, 42(2): 140-143.
[10] 宋桂龙, 韩烈保, 李德颖. 不同沙土配比根系层土壤的持水特性研究. 土壤通报, 2008, 39(2): 233-238.
[11] 黄晓露, 刘君, 杨志民. 不同坪床配比百慕大T-419的生物量和根系分布特征研究. 草业学报, 2009, 18(5): 98-106.
[14] 席嘉宾, 张惠霞, 张振霞, 等. 南亚热带地区兰引Ⅲ号结缕草运动场草坪的冬绿技术. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 44(4): 92-95.
[15] 赵莹, 李静媛, 段艳欣, 等. 生长期内三种结缕草对盐胁迫的响应. 草业学报, 2015, 24(11): 109-117.
[16] 张辉. 土壤环境学实验教程[M]. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2009.
[17] 陈立新. 土壤实验实习教程[M]. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学出版社, 2005.
[21] 韩烈保. 运动场草坪[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2004.
[22] 宋桂龙. 运动场草坪土壤配比及其对草坪草生长影响研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2006.
[23] 马力, 张志国. 泥炭对砂基运动场坪床基质理化性质及草坪草的影响. 土壤通报, 2006, 37(2): 330-333.
[24] 李存焕, 史秀华. 草坪土壤学[M]. 北京: 中国戏剧出版社, 2006.
[25] 毛齐正, 杨喜田, 苗蕾. 植物根系构型的生态功能及其影响因素. 河南科学, 2008, (2): 172-176.
[27] 王长庭, 龙瑞军, 王根绪, 等. 高寒草甸群落地表植被特征与土壤理化性状、土壤微生物之间的相关性研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(6): 25-34.
[28] 边秀举, 胡林, 李晓林, 等. 不同氮钾用量对多年生黑麦草草坪的影响. 草业学报, 2000, 9(1): 55-59.
[33] 曹丽丽, 刘颖, 张巨明, 等. 坪床基质对兰引Ⅲ号结缕草根系生长及分布的影响. 草地学报, 2014, 22(3): 639-644.
[34] 王小琼, 舒常庆, 王洪顺, 等. 不同基质对新建果岭土壤微生物、酶活性及草坪性状的影响. 草地学报, 2013, 21(2): 339-345.
[35] 韦文添. 广西草坪主要病虫害及其防治. 广西农学报, 2012, 27(5): 36-38.