Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was introduced to China during the Han dynasty. There is divergence of opinion as to whether or not alfalfa was introduced by Zhang Qian. The relationship between Zhang Qian and alfalfa introduction was analyzed from the motivation, experience and influence of Zhang Qian during exploration of the Western Regions and the possibility that Zhang Qian brought back alfalfa’s seeds. There are four opinions regarding the idea that Zhang Qian introduced alfalfa to China. They are: (1) Zhang Qian introduced alfalfa; (2) Zhang Qian didn’t introduce alfalfa; (3) Zhang Qian transferred information on alfalfa; (4) Introduction of alfalfa was attributed to Zhang Qian in commemoration of his exploration of Western Regions. Although there is no direct historical evidence to prove that Zhang Qian introduced alfalfa to China during the Han dynasty, it is clear that there was a close relationship between Zhang Qian’s activities and alfalfa introduction to China. Information about Zhang Qian bringing alfalfa to China from Western Regions was the basis of the saying that the Chinese brought alfalfa seed and the emperor planted alfalfa. During the time alfalfa was being introduced to China, Zhang Qian provided useful information on its culture; “It was known that during the Han dynasty that alfalfa was planted in Dawan. Alfalfa was important forage for Ferghana horses.” Zhang Qian’s activities played a major part in the introduction of alfalfa to China.