Abstract: This study examined the short term effects of the crop rotation systems known as “winter green manure with double cropped rice” and “winter planting and chicken raising with double cropped rice” on paddy soil microbial biomass and dissolved organic C and N. The goal of a winter planting and chicken raising in rice double cropping systems is to return green manure and chicken manure to soils and reduce the amount of fertilizer during the rice growing period. Five winter treatments were included: fallow (F), planting ryegrass (R), planting milk vetch (M), planting ryegrass and rearing chickens (RC), planting milk vetch and rearing chickens (MC). In general soil microbial biomass and dissolved organic C and N were increased significantly, compared to a winter fallow, by a green manure crop and further increased when chickens were also reared, although values were subject to dynamic seasonal fluctuation. Specifically, the maximum values for soil microbial biomass C were 492.22, 464.91, 432.34, 435.48 and 378.02 mg/kg for the treatments RC, MC, R, M and F, respectively; while the corresponding maxima for microbial biomass N were 118.20, 101.03, 70.13, 85.46 and 61.12 mg/kg, respectively. The maxima for dissolved organic N were 1001.47, 926.21, 832.80, 870.75 and 719.86 mg/kg; and the maxima for dissolved organic C were 278.95, 266.40, 246.13, 249.84 and 201.58 mg/kg, for RC, MC, R, M and F, respectively. The dynamics of microbial biomass C, N and dissolved organic C were different at different growth stages. Microbial biomass C peaked at the transplanting, booting and filling stage of late rice. Microbial biomass N peaked at the tillering and heading stage of early rice, and the booting stage of late rice. While the dissolved organic C peaked at seedling stage of early rice and it was higher during the period of raising chickens and after chicken removal from the paddy field. In summary, compared to a winter fallow paddy field, planting green manure and raising chickens significantly increased microbial biomass and soil dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, which indirectly indicates that winter manure and chicken rearing systems can improve the soil organic carbon, and soil labile organic carbon contents, as well as nitrogen levels and nitrogen mineralization rate. Plant nutrients needed by the rice crop during the rice growing season can thus be provided by a winter planting and chicken raising.