Soil respiration and carbon balance in fava bean farmland under conservation tillage

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016089

Abstract

Abstract: Soil respiration is an important process in carbon cycling. This study investigated effects of two tillage practices (ridge tillage and traditional tillage) and straw mulching at 0, 3750, or 7500 kg straw dry matter/ha on soil respiration of fava bean farmland. Six treatments applied were: traditional tillage without straw mulching (T), ridge tillage without straw mulching (R), traditional tillage+straw mulching at 3750 kg/ha (TS₁), ridge tillage+straw mulching at 3750 kg/ha (RS₁), traditional tillage+straw mulching at 7500 kg/ha (TS₂), and ridge tillage+straw mulching at 7500 kg/ha (RS₂). Soil respiration properties and carbon balance in dry-cropped farmland with a triple intercropping system of fava bean, maize, and sweet tomato were evaluated during the crop growth period, in a region of southwest China known as the purple hilly region. This study identified seasonal changes in soil respiration rate reflecting crop growth, with a peak in the middle of the fava bean growth cycle, and with a range from 0.885-10.213 μmol/(m²·s) in cropped soils, respectively. The soil respiration rates of the different treatments ranked TS₂>RS₂>RS₁>TS₁>T>R [4.096, 3.780, 3.441, 3.104, 2.850, 2.439 μmol/(m²·s), respectively]. Ridge tillage reduced soil respiration in fava bean farmland, whereas straw mulching treatment resulted in increased respiration corresponding to straw mulching levels. In soil planted with fava bean, the respiration rate at different crop growth stages ranked ripening<seedling<seed filling <branching< flowering and podding. Soil respiration during flowering, filling and podding stages contributed 50% of the total soil respiration. The contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration was 49.12% (range 37.02%-60.64%) when measured by a root biomass regression equation, but was 38.62% (range 19.49%-52.3%) when measured by root exclusion. The farmland system sequestered carbon during the life cycle of the fava bean crop with a net carbon sink ranging from 857.26 to 2236.25 kg C/(ha·yr). The treatments RS₂,TS₂,RS₁,TS₁, R increased carbon sequestration by 160.86%,101.44%, 30.78%, 47.63% and 110.41%, respectively (P<0.05), compared to the treatment T. This study indicated that ridge tillage and straw mulching conservation improved carbon sequestration in a fava bean farmland ecosystem, and the best treatment was RS₂ (ridge tillage+straw mulching at 7500 kg/ha).

XIONG Ying, WANG Long-Chang, ZHAO Lin-Lu, DU Juan, ZHANG Sai, ZHOU Quan. Soil respiration and carbon balance in fava bean farmland under conservation tillage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(1): 13-22.

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