Evolution of soil phosphorus forms and factors influencing their formation based on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of degraded alpine wetland

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023116

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to clarify the patterns of soil phosphorus transformation and factors driving this process during alpine wetland degradation. Such information is useful for devising strategies to manage nutrient and carbon “sinks” in the ecological restoration of wetlands. Four types of marsh wetlands in Zoige Nature Reserve， including relatively pristine marsh （RPM）， lightly degraded marsh （LDM）， moderately degraded marsh （MDM）， and heavily degraded marsh （HDM）， were selected to investigate the evolution of phosphorus forms in soil， and factors affecting this process. Analyses were conducted using ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance and a piecewise structural equation model. It was found that the degradation of alpine wetland led to a succession of plant communities from hygrophytes to mesophytes， and reductions in the soil organic matter and nitrogen contents. The contents of orthophosphate and phosphate monoesters displayed a parabolic trend with the maximum occurring in MDM along the gradient of marsh degradation. The orthophosphate content was 46.45% lower in HDM than in RPM. The phosphate monoesters content was 27.02%， 54.96%， and 41.74% higher in LDM， MDM， and HDM than in RPM， respectively. The contents of pyrophosphate and phosphate diesters continuously decreased with increasing severity of wetland degradation. The piecewise structural equation model indicated that microbial activity was a positive factor influencing soil orthophosphates， pyrophosphates， and phosphate diesters， and a negative factor influencing phosphate monoesters. Vegetation biomass was a positive factor influencing soil orthophosphates and phosphate diesters. Soil nutrients indirectly affected pyrophosphates and phosphate diesters by impacting microbial activity. Overall， wetland degradation promoted the decomposition of phosphate diesters by changing the vegetation community and decreasing soil nutrient availability and microbial activity. Soil phosphorus availability decreased in HDM because of the decline in the phosphate monoester mineralization rate and decreased orthophosphate content.

Key words: Zoige Plateau, alpine wetland degradation, solution ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance, phosphorus forms

Yuan-jun LUO, Yu-lin PU, Da-gang YUAN, Ya-li LI, Hong-yu QIAN. Evolution of soil phosphorus forms and factors influencing their formation based on ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of degraded alpine wetland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(2): 1-12.

Figures/Tables 8

References 48

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湿地性质 Marsh properties	相对原生沼泽 RPM	轻度退化沼泽 LDM	中度退化沼泽 MDM	重度退化沼泽 HDM
沼泽湿地退化指数Marsh degradation index， MDI	0.85±0.02a	0.38±0.04b	0.23±0.01c	0.07±0.01d
植被盖度Vegetation coverage （%）	83.00±2.50a	88.33±4.40a	86.33±1.90a	50.67±4.70b
地上生物量Aboveground biomass （g·m^-2）	423.33±58.40a	551.67±134.17a	500.00±70.00a	199.00±28.84b
根系生物量Root biomass （g·m^-2）	1367.93±169.39a	1158.93±53.93a	683.17±71.31b	521.48±126.55b
容重Bulk density （g·cm^-3）	0.38±0.03b	0.40±0.05b	0.35±0.03b	0.87±0.07a
砂粒Sand （%）	21.84±0.34c	26.88±0.74a	24.45±0.43b	22.71±0.51c
粉粒Silt （%）	55.12±2.56b	45.00±0.54c	58.33±0.67ab	60.64±0.26a
黏粒Clay （%）	23.05±2.84 a	28.12±1.21a	17.22±0.34b	16.65±0.52b
pH	7.33±0.04a	7.03 ± 0.28a	6.62±0.67a	7.25±0.14a
有机质Organic matter， OM （g·kg^-1）	319.80±14.10a	309.71±18.93a	256.93±57.08ab	158.39±88.89b
全氮Total nitrogen， TN （g·kg^-1）	15.50±0.72a	13.01±1.06ab	11.43±2.34ab	6.94±3.96b
全磷Total phosphorus， TP （g·kg^-1）	0.81±0.18ab	0.96±0.05ab	1.12±0.11a	0.75±0.16b
碱解氮Available nitrogen， AN （mg·kg^-1）	1117.98±33.53a	1004.03±136.98a	936.04±197.01a	626.76±317.84a
有效磷Available phosphorus， AP （mg·kg^-1）	16.24±3.75b	21.72±3.02ab	27.87±4.08a	15.04±5.9b
微生物量磷Microbial biomass phosphorus， MBP （mg·kg^-1）	256.50±19.84a	220.91±50.22a	246.16±47.07a	154.23±15.82b
磷酸单酯酶Phosphomonoesterase （μmol·g^-1·h^-1）	14.21±1.88ab	12.54±2.17ab	19.43±3.03a	8.27±3.09b
磷酸二酯酶Phosphodiesterase （μmol·g^-1·h^-1）	12.46±1.13a	10.61±1.48a	13.01±3.29a	6.13±3.62a
植酸酶Phytase （μmol·g^-1·h^-1）	6.64±1.34a	2.31±0.77b	2.47±0.88b	1.24±0.47b

湿地性质 Marsh properties	相对原生沼泽 RPM	轻度退化沼泽 LDM	中度退化沼泽 MDM	重度退化沼泽 HDM
沼泽湿地退化指数Marsh degradation index， MDI	0.85±0.02a	0.38±0.04b	0.23±0.01c	0.07±0.01d
植被盖度Vegetation coverage （%）	83.00±2.50a	88.33±4.40a	86.33±1.90a	50.67±4.70b
地上生物量Aboveground biomass （g·m^-2）	423.33±58.40a	551.67±134.17a	500.00±70.00a	199.00±28.84b
根系生物量Root biomass （g·m^-2）	1367.93±169.39a	1158.93±53.93a	683.17±71.31b	521.48±126.55b
容重Bulk density （g·cm^-3）	0.38±0.03b	0.40±0.05b	0.35±0.03b	0.87±0.07a
砂粒Sand （%）	21.84±0.34c	26.88±0.74a	24.45±0.43b	22.71±0.51c
粉粒Silt （%）	55.12±2.56b	45.00±0.54c	58.33±0.67ab	60.64±0.26a
黏粒Clay （%）	23.05±2.84 a	28.12±1.21a	17.22±0.34b	16.65±0.52b
pH	7.33±0.04a	7.03 ± 0.28a	6.62±0.67a	7.25±0.14a
有机质Organic matter， OM （g·kg^-1）	319.80±14.10a	309.71±18.93a	256.93±57.08ab	158.39±88.89b
全氮Total nitrogen， TN （g·kg^-1）	15.50±0.72a	13.01±1.06ab	11.43±2.34ab	6.94±3.96b
全磷Total phosphorus， TP （g·kg^-1）	0.81±0.18ab	0.96±0.05ab	1.12±0.11a	0.75±0.16b
碱解氮Available nitrogen， AN （mg·kg^-1）	1117.98±33.53a	1004.03±136.98a	936.04±197.01a	626.76±317.84a
有效磷Available phosphorus， AP （mg·kg^-1）	16.24±3.75b	21.72±3.02ab	27.87±4.08a	15.04±5.9b
微生物量磷Microbial biomass phosphorus， MBP （mg·kg^-1）	256.50±19.84a	220.91±50.22a	246.16±47.07a	154.23±15.82b
磷酸单酯酶Phosphomonoesterase （μmol·g^-1·h^-1）	14.21±1.88ab	12.54±2.17ab	19.43±3.03a	8.27±3.09b
磷酸二酯酶Phosphodiesterase （μmol·g^-1·h^-1）	12.46±1.13a	10.61±1.48a	13.01±3.29a	6.13±3.62a
植酸酶Phytase （μmol·g^-1·h^-1）	6.64±1.34a	2.31±0.77b	2.47±0.88b	1.24±0.47b

湿地类型 Marsh types	NaOH-EDTA提取无机磷 NaOH-EDTA P_i （mg·kg^-1）	NaOH-EDTA提取有机磷 NaOH-EDTA P_o （mg·kg^-1）	NaOH-EDTA提取总磷 NaOH-EDTA P_t （mg·kg^-1）	回收率 Recovery （%）
RPM	135.83±19.36b	322.79±49.73a	458.63±67.66b	58.11±5.19a
LDM	169.27±12.11ab	382.44±22.35a	551.71±10.35ab	57.72±3.91a
MDM	207.23±9.46a	454.86±24.79a	662.09±16.09a	59.77±4.40a
HDM	67.03±11.41c	375.86±65.08a	442.89±75.77b	60.40±6.18a

湿地类型 Marsh types	NaOH-EDTA提取无机磷 NaOH-EDTA P_i （mg·kg^-1）	NaOH-EDTA提取有机磷 NaOH-EDTA P_o （mg·kg^-1）	NaOH-EDTA提取总磷 NaOH-EDTA P_t （mg·kg^-1）	回收率 Recovery （%）
RPM	135.83±19.36b	322.79±49.73a	458.63±67.66b	58.11±5.19a
LDM	169.27±12.11ab	382.44±22.35a	551.71±10.35ab	57.72±3.91a
MDM	207.23±9.46a	454.86±24.79a	662.09±16.09a	59.77±4.40a
HDM	67.03±11.41c	375.86±65.08a	442.89±75.77b	60.40±6.18a

湿地类型 Marsh types	磷酸单酯 Phosphate monoester					磷酸二酯 Phosphate diester
湿地类型 Marsh types	六磷酸肌醇 IHP	磷酸糖 Sugar phosphate	单核苷酸 Mononucleotide	磷酸乙醇胺 Phosphorylethanolamine	其他单酯 Other monoesters	DNA	其他二酯 Other diesters
RPM	121.17	n.d.	41.55	n.d.	187.69	15.33	55.90
LDM	33.72	n.d.	35.58	n.d.	254.16	11.63	34.76
MDM	23.92	n.d.	31.59	n.d.	366.95	n.d.	48.60
HDM	49.74	29.96	n.d.	94.39	274.15	n.d.	2.35

Evolution of soil phosphorus forms and factors influencing their formation based on ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of degraded alpine wetland

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Figures/Tables 8

References 48

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项目 Item	植被生物量Vegetation biomass	土壤养分Soil nutrient	微生物活性Microbial activity
项目 Item	PC1	PC1	PC1	PC2
特征根Eigenvalue	2.154	2.917	2.104	1.254
累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution （%）	71.804	97.229	52.601	83.948
植被盖度Vegetation coverage	0.948
地上生物量Aboveground biomass	0.889
根系生物量Root biomass	0.682
有机质Organic matter （OM）		0.986
全氮Total nitrogen （TN）		0.986
碱解氮Available nitrogen （AN）		0.985
微生物量磷Microbial biomass phosphorus （MBP）			0.749	-0.159
磷酸单酯酶Phosphomonoesterase			0.665	0.590
磷酸二酯酶Phosphodiesterase			0.678	0.590
植酸酶Phytase			0.830	-0.426

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[2]	LI Xin-Le, HOU Xiang-Yang, MU Huai-Bin, LI Xi-Liang, GUO Feng-Hui. P fertilization effects on the accumulation, transformation and availability of soil phosphorus [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(8): 218-224.