Effect of co-attack of spring black stem and leaf spot disease and aphids on the yield and forage value of alfalfa

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025094

Abstract

Abstract:

Pests and diseases significantly constrain Medicago sativa （alfalfa） production. Spring black stem disease， caused by the fungal pathogen Phoma medicagonis and pea aphid （Acyrthosiphon pisum）， is widespread in alfalfa-growing regions of China. However， the impact of the combined occurrence of this pathogen and the aphid on alfalfa yield and quality remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap， we conducted a field experiment at the Jingtai Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems， Lanzhou University. The treatments included spring black stem inoculation， pea aphid disease infestation， combined spring black stem disease inoculation and pea aphid infestation， and spraying with β-cyfluthrin solution. Naturally grown alfalfa served as the control. The results show that the incidence and disease index of spring black stem disease in the pathogen treatment and pathogen+aphid treatment groups reached 54.67%-82.67% and 20.93%-40.93%， respectively， significantly higher than those in the control and insecticide-protected groups. Compared with the control and insecticide groups， the pathogen treatment group and pathogen+aphid treatment group showed decreases in alfalfa yield （decreases of 20.87%-22.17%）. Pests and diseases had a greater impact on the nutrient contents and feeding value of alfalfa leaves than on stems or the entire aboveground part， especially in the pathogen+aphid treatment group. Compared with the control， the pathogen treatment group showed significantly reduced calcium and sulfur contents in the leaves and significantly increased potassium content （P<0.05）. The protein content in alfalfa leaves was significantly lower in the pathogen treatment group， aphid treatment group， and pathogen+aphid treatment group than in the insecticide group. The monosaccaride content in leaves was higher in the pathogen+aphid treatment group than in the control （P<0.05）， and the acetic acid and lactic acid contents in alfalfa leaves were lower in the pathogen+aphid treatment group than in the pathogen-only treatment group （P<0.05）. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for assessing alfalfa crop losses caused by spring black stem disease and pea aphid， and offer theoretical guidance for the development and refinement of pest and disease control strategies.

Key words: loss evaluation, disease and insect pests, feeding value, disease and insect pests management

Mei-ting BAI, Ying-de LI, Qian-hua CHEN, Yan-li FENG, Hai-ming FENG, Ting-yu DUAN. Effect of co-attack of spring black stem and leaf spot disease and aphids on the yield and forage value of alfalfa[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(12): 195-205.

Figures/Tables 8

References 41

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指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.37±0.06b	0.44±0.02a	0.37±0.04b	0.34±0.05b	0.38±0.02b
钙Ca	1.30±0.33ab	1.40±0.06ab	0.94±0.20c	1.02±0.27bc	1.12±0.21abc
钠Na	0.13±0.12a	0.17±0.01a	0.03±0.06a	0.04±0.05a	0.08±0.10a
镁Mg	0.40±0.07a	0.38±0.02ab	0.32±0.06b	0.35±0.05ab	0.36±0.03ab
氯Cl	2.82±0.58a	1.99±0.21b	3.09±0.29a	2.77±0.54a	2.62±0.48a
硫S	0.21±0.04ab	0.23±0.01ab	0.18±0.02c	0.19±0.02bc	0.20±0.02abc
钾K	2.12±0.45b	2.27±0.12ab	2.71±0.52a	2.54±0.50ab	2.30±0.46ab

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.37±0.06b	0.44±0.02a	0.37±0.04b	0.34±0.05b	0.38±0.02b
钙Ca	1.30±0.33ab	1.40±0.06ab	0.94±0.20c	1.02±0.27bc	1.12±0.21abc
钠Na	0.13±0.12a	0.17±0.01a	0.03±0.06a	0.04±0.05a	0.08±0.10a
镁Mg	0.40±0.07a	0.38±0.02ab	0.32±0.06b	0.35±0.05ab	0.36±0.03ab
氯Cl	2.82±0.58a	1.99±0.21b	3.09±0.29a	2.77±0.54a	2.62±0.48a
硫S	0.21±0.04ab	0.23±0.01ab	0.18±0.02c	0.19±0.02bc	0.20±0.02abc
钾K	2.12±0.45b	2.27±0.12ab	2.71±0.52a	2.54±0.50ab	2.30±0.46ab

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.27±0.01b	0.31±0.02a	0.29±0.03ab	0.27±0.02b	0.26±0.02b
钙Ca	0.62±0.16a	0.63±0.08a	0.70±0.12a	0.62±0.03a	0.62±0.03a
钠Na	0.11±0.04a	0.12±0.04a	0.13±0.04a	0.09±0.03a	0.08±0.05a
镁Mg	0.18±0.15a	0.15±0.01a	0.20±0.04a	0.18±0.02a	0.17±0.03a
氯Cl	1.09±0.34ab	0.98±0.17b	1.29±0.24a	1.13±0.15ab	0.88±0.12b
硫S	0.19±0.01a	0.18±0.00b	0.19±0.00a	0.18±0.00ab	0.19±0.01a
钾K	2.39±0.19a	2.46±0.10a	2.53±0.45a	2.61±0.43a	2.67±0.56a

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.27±0.01b	0.31±0.02a	0.29±0.03ab	0.27±0.02b	0.26±0.02b
钙Ca	0.62±0.16a	0.63±0.08a	0.70±0.12a	0.62±0.03a	0.62±0.03a
钠Na	0.11±0.04a	0.12±0.04a	0.13±0.04a	0.09±0.03a	0.08±0.05a
镁Mg	0.18±0.15a	0.15±0.01a	0.20±0.04a	0.18±0.02a	0.17±0.03a
氯Cl	1.09±0.34ab	0.98±0.17b	1.29±0.24a	1.13±0.15ab	0.88±0.12b
硫S	0.19±0.01a	0.18±0.00b	0.19±0.00a	0.18±0.00ab	0.19±0.01a
钾K	2.39±0.19a	2.46±0.10a	2.53±0.45a	2.61±0.43a	2.67±0.56a

指标Index	对照CK	药剂DZ	病原菌Pathogen （P）	蚜虫Aphid （A）	病虫复合发生P+A
磷P	0.29±0.03a	0.33±0.01a	0.31±0.03a	0.29±0.03a	0.31±0.05a
钙Ca	0.64±0.07a	0.72±0.06a	0.73±0.06a	0.70±0.15a	0.75±0.16a
钠Na	0.09±0.04a	0.09±0.01a	0.07±0.04a	0.08±0.05a	0.09±0.05a
镁Mg	0.21±0.04a	0.21±0.01a	0.24±0.01a	0.22±0.05a	0.24±0.03a
氯Cl	1.17±0.13ab	1.01±0.04b	1.39±0.15a	1.30±0.31a	1.24±0.33ab
硫S	0.20±0.01a	0.20±0.00a	0.20±0.00a	0.20±0.00a	0.21±0.01a
钾K	2.67±0.37a	2.86±0.11a	2.85±0.23a	2.73±0.54a	2.76±0.25a