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草业学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 1-17.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20130401

• 院士高层论坛 •    下一篇

澳大利亚农学在近20年对世界食物安全的贡献及未来的发展

Clements R J    

  1. 29 Holmes Crescent, Campbell ACT 2612, Australia
  • 出版日期:2013-08-20 发布日期:2013-08-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:clements@netspeed.com.au
  • 基金资助:
    2012 “Capturing Opportunities and Overcoming Obstacles in Australian Agronomy”
    Proceedings of the 16th ASA Conference, 14-18 October 2012, Armidale, Australia. Web site www.agronomy.org.au
    Biography: Clements R J,academician of the Australian Academy of Engineering. E-mail:clements@netspeed.com.au

What has Australian agronomy contributed to world food security in the last 20 years, and what lies ahead?

Clements R J    

  1. 29 Holmes Crescent, Campbell ACT 2612,Australia
  • Online:2013-08-20 Published:2013-08-20

摘要: 澳大利亚农学主要包括由本土的和/或受雇于澳大利亚的农学家针对大田作物和牧草生产中有关土地、水、土壤和植物管理而进行的研究和推广,主要通过促进生产力的提高(包括单位面积,或单位投入,或每头牲畜的产量增加),为保障世界食物安全作出了贡献。在过去的20年里,澳大利亚农学为大田作物和牲畜生产的提高给予了强有力的支撑,因而对保障世界食物安全助益极大。理论上,这些作物和牲畜生产每年可为大约3千万人提供谷物和充足的肉、食用油和奶制品,提高了膳食质量,增加了风味。但是,这种情形发生的前提是,所有的食物确实都被食用了,而不是在收获后损失了或被用于了其他目的。该人口数(3千万)的计算则包含了大量假设,因此带有极大的不确定性。就生产力的提高而言,约1/3在澳大利亚,余下的在发展中国家,主要在亚洲。由澳大利亚国际农业研究中心和/或澳大利亚国际开发署资助的双边项目的执行已经产生了明显的国际性效益,参加项目的科学家来自澳大利亚和某个发展中国家,并往往与某个国际农业研究中心有联系。澳大利亚农学家还通过其他途径为保障世界食物安全作出了贡献,如举办培训班,或者领导其他国家和国际组织的相关研究和推广,但这类贡献是无法用数字来衡量的。展望未来,技术创新仍将被不断地采用,大量项目也正在执行中,因此,至少10年内,澳大利亚农学家仍将作出同等水平的贡献,而之后,他们的贡献将不可预测。

Abstract: Australian agronomy (research and extension on land, water, soil and plant management for field crop and pasture production, performed by agronomists born and/or employed in Australia) contributes to world food security mainly by increasing productivity (yield increases per unit area or input, or per head of livestock). In the last 20 years Australian agronomy has improved world food security by underpinning increased production of field crops and livestock that theoretically could support about 30 million people per year with grain plus enough meat, edible oil and dairy products to add dietary quality and flavour. This assumes that the food is in fact eaten, and not lost postharvest or used for alternative purposes. The calculated numbers of people who could be fed involve numerous assumptions and are fraught with uncertainty. About one third of the increased production has been achieved in Australia and two thirds in developing countries, mainly in Asia. Internationally, many benefits have come from bilateral projects funded by ACIAR and/or AusAID, involving scientists from Australia and a developing country, often with links to an International Agricultural Research Centre. Australian agronomists have also contributed to food security through training activities and through leadership positions in other countries and international organisations, but these benefits are impossible to quantify. Looking ahead, inertia in the system (technical innovations still to be adopted, and projects currently in progress) suggests that this level of contribution will be maintained for another decade or so; beyond that timeframe the contribution by Australian agronomists is essentially unpredictable.

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