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草业学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 129-135.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20130616

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

麻花秦艽种子灌浆充实动态及其发芽特性研究

米永伟1,2,陈垣1*,郭凤霞2,杨育峰3,陈翔4,5   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室 中草药栽培与鉴定实验室 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070;
    2.甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃 兰州 730070;
    3.卓尼县佛赐藏药材开发有限责任公司,甘肃 甘南州 747000;
    4.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000;
    5.陇西中天药业有限责任公司,甘肃 定西 748100
  • 出版日期:2013-12-20 发布日期:2013-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 米永伟(1986-),男,甘肃永昌人,在读硕士。E-mail:mmyw1986@126.com
    *通讯作者。E-mail:guofx@gsau.edu.cn,cygcx1963@163.com
  • 作者简介:米永伟(1986-),男,甘肃永昌人,在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    科技部科研人员服务企业项目(2009GJG10036),国家发改委-甘肃陇原中天生物工程股份有限公司秦艽野生培育基地建设,甘肃省扶贫办临潭县野生地道药材秦艽、羌活无公害生产基地建设,科技部科技型中小企业技术创新基金(12C26216206931)和甘肃农业大学教学科研项目资助。

A study on the filling dynamics and germination characteristics of Gentiana straminea

MI Yong-wei1,2, CHEN Yuan1, GUO Feng-xia2, YANG Yu-feng3, CHEN Xiang4,5   

  1. 1.Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Cultivated and Identified Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    2. College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    3. Zhuonixianfuci Tibet Medicine Co., Ltd, Gannanzhou 747000, China;
    4. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    5. Longxi Zhongtian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dingxi 748100, China
  • Online:2013-12-20 Published:2013-12-20

摘要: 在甘肃省甘南州卓尼县选用人工栽培5年的麻花秦艽种株,在盛花期挂牌标记发育一致的花序,自开花后每隔3 d测定千粒重和发芽率,对种子灌浆及发芽特性系统研究,旨在为确定其种子适宜采收期提供理论和技术依据。结果表明,麻花秦艽种子鲜重在开花后第34天达最大,随后迅速下降,至灌浆末期接近干重的水平。籽粒干重的变化趋势呈“S”型曲线,符合Logistic方程,快增期在花后13~34 d,开花后60 d灌浆基本结束。灌浆速率呈“慢-快-慢”规律,因降雨2次低谷,籽粒脱水速率随灌浆进程的递进而持续加快,含水量先上升后稳定下降。种子发芽率在花后43 d达到较高水平,但受阴雨天气影响。种子发芽质量指标与千粒干重和灌浆持续期均呈极显著正相关,与脱水速率呈显著正相关,而与种子含水量呈极显著负相关。以上说明麻花秦艽种子成熟度和灌浆末期天气对种子发芽质量具有显著影响,采收期应在花后52~55 d(9月上中旬),种果欲裂,种子含水率在10%左右时为宜,选晴天根据成熟情况分批采用布袋或尼龙袋采收。

Abstract: Flowers were labeled with cards on flower-blossom days of Gentiana straminea plants cultivated in Zhuoni county, Gannan prefecture, Gansu. The seed weight and germination in capsules of the plants were measured once every three days after flower-blossom. Filling dynamics and germination characteristics of the plant seeds were studied to provide a theoretical and technical basis for determining the best time to harvest seeds. The fresh weight increased and reached its maximum on the 34th day following blossom, and then rapidly decreased to a level near its dry weight. This fitted a Logistic equation with a rapid increase during 13-34 d after blossom and finished changing on the 60th day. The grain filling rate showed a ‘slow-fast-slow’ pattern with two slow times because of rain. The seeds dehydrated increasingly faster as filling duration increased and the water content decreased to the end of this process. The seed germination rate was highest 43 d after blossom and showed a relatively stable value with prolonged filling, except for rain and cloudy conditions. The germination quality indicators were significantly and positively related to the grain dry weight and the seed filling duration respectively, and were positively related to the seed dehydration rate but negatively related to the water content in the seeds. All the above revealed that the seed filling process was mostly affected by weather and seed maturity affected the germination quality. The best harvest time should be 52-55 d after blossom (early-middle September), during which time the water content in seeds should be about 10% and the plants showing non-dissilient capsules. The seeds should be picked by stages with cloth or nylon bags on sunny days.

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