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草业学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 328-334.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20130639

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东盐碱地棉田不同杂草群落对棉花产量影响研究

李美1,2,高兴祥1,2,刘士国3,白兴勇3,高宗军1,2,房锋1,2,孙作文4,张柏松5*   

  1. 1.山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,山东 济南 250100;
    2.山东省植物病毒学重点实验室, 山东 济南 250100;
    3.山东省高唐农业局 植保站,山东 高唐 252800;
    4.山东省植保总站,山东 济南 250100;
    5.山东省农业科学院资源与环境研究所,山东 济南 250100
  • 出版日期:2013-12-20 发布日期:2013-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 李美(1972-),女,山东泰安人,研究员,硕士。E-mail:limei9909@163.com
    *通讯作者。E-mail:zhangbosong1962@163.com
  • 作者简介:李美(1972-),女,山东泰安人,研究员,硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903004)和国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2012BAD19B06)资助。

Influence of different weed populations on cotton yield in saline and alkaline land in Shandong

LI Mei1,2, GAO Xing-xiang1,2, LIU Shi-guo3, BAI Xing-yong3, GAO Zong-jun1,2, FANG Feng1,2, SUN Zuo-wen4, ZHANG Bo-song5   

  1. 1.Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
    2.Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan 250100, China;
    3.Station of Plant Protection, Gaotang Agricultural Bureau, Gaotang 252800, China;
    4.General Station for Plant Protection of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100, China;
    5.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,SAAS, Jinan 250100, China)
  • Online:2013-12-20 Published:2013-12-20

摘要: 于2011和2012连续2年在山东省高唐县盐碱地棉田中人为设置无草区、禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草以及混合杂草自然发生区,研究了不同杂草群落危害对棉花产量的影响。结果表明,禾本科杂草区以牛筋草、狗尾草、芦苇等为主,2年总密度分别为202.0和291.6茎/m2,棉花产量损失为24.3%和20.3%;阔叶类杂草区以藜、马齿苋、鳢肠等为主,2年总密度分别为230.5和122.2茎/m2,产量损失为27.1%和60.2%;混合杂草区2011年以藜、牛筋草、稗草为主,2012年以藜占绝对优势,其次为马齿苋、牛筋草等,总密度分别为277.0和201.0茎/m2,产量损失为37.5%和68.4%。综合2年试验结果,在盐碱地环境中,阔叶杂草对棉花的单茎损失率大于禾本科杂草;杂草危害造成棉花的产量损失表现在直接影响棉花的产量构成因素,其中对棉花成铃数的影响最大,杂草混合生长区成铃数2年比无草区分别减少34.0%和72.0%,阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草生长区可减少10.8%~53.6%;另外,杂草危害可使棉花株高降低0.4%~18.7%,棉花果枝数降低11.9%~18.0%,棉花单铃重减少6.3%~18.2%;棉花的保苗率减低0~3.6%。杂草对棉花产量影响程度大小与田间杂草种类、密度、生长量以及棉花品种的生物学特性密切相关,温度和降水等气候因素对盐碱地杂草群落组成以及杂草与棉花之间的竞争性关系也有较大影响。

Abstract: Experiments on the influence of different weed populations on cotton yield were conducted in saline and alkaline land in Gaotang, Shandong Province, China in 2011 and 2012. There were four replicates of four treatments: weed free, grass weeds, broadleaf weeds and mixed weeds. The cotton varieties were Lumianyan 28 in 2011 and Lumianyan 37 in 2012. Cotton yield losses were 24.3% and 20.3% in grass weed plots (mainly Eleusine indica, Setaria viridis and Phragmites communis) at weed densities of 202.0 and 291.6 stem/m2, and were 27.1% and 60.2% in broadleaf weed plots (mainly Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea and Eclipta prostrate) at densities of 230.5 and 122.2 stem/m2 in 2011 and 2012 respectively. The yield loss was 37.5% in mixed weed plots (mainly C. album, E. indica and Echinochloa crusgalli) at 277.0 stem/m2 in 2011, and was 68.4% (mainly C. album, P. oleracea and E. indica) at 201.0 stem/m2 in 2012. The damage rate per stem caused by broadleaf weeds was higher than that caused by grass weeds. Weeds reduced the height of cotton plants, number of cotton bolls, boll branches and weight of bolls. The number of bolls per plant in weed free plots was 11.5 on average in both 2011 and 2012. The number decreased by 34.0% in 2011 and 72.0% in 2012 in mixed weed plots, 11.5% and 53.6% in broadleaf weed plots, 10.8% and 12.1% in grass weed plots. The height decreased by 0.4%-18.7% in weed plots compared with that in weed free plots. The number of boll branches decreased by 11.9%-18.0%, and the weight of bolls decreased by 6.3%-18.2%. In addition, weeds also reduced the survival rate of cotton seedlings by 0-3.6%. No effect was observed on ginning outturn and seed index. The influence of weed populations on cotton yield was closely related to weed species, density and biomass as well as to cotton variety and climatic factors.

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