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草业学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 223-234.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140227

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北堇菜属植物叶形态结构的研究及其分类学价值的探讨

孙雪芹,刘玫*,孙天航,张欣欣,史传奇   

  1. 哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150025
  • 收稿日期:2013-08-27 出版日期:2014-02-25 发布日期:2014-04-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:hsd_liumei@163.com
  • 作者简介:孙雪芹(1987-),女,安徽省淮北人,在读硕士。E-mail:sunxcz2010@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省及哈尔滨师范大学科学技术创新团队基金(KJTD2011-2),黑龙江省高校重点实验室开放课题研究项目(ZK201202)和哈尔滨师范大学博士创新基金(HSDBSCX2013-06)资助。

Morphological study of the leaf structures of Viola in northeastern China and discussions of their taxonomic values (Violaceae)

SUN Xue-qin, LIU Mei, SUN Tian-hang, ZHANG Xing-xing, SHI Chuan-qi   

  1. College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
  • Received:2013-08-27 Online:2014-02-25 Published:2014-04-20

摘要: 采用GMA半薄切片及叶表皮撕取法,深入研究了东北堇菜属28种及1变种叶的形态结构。结果显示堇菜属植物叶为心形、肾形、卵形及长三角形。托叶多为披针形。毛状体为单细胞非腺毛或两细胞非腺毛。气孔主要为不等型。叶柄横切面多呈半圆形,两侧通常具翼,维管束常为3个,呈马蹄形或肾形,少数物种叶柄内具通气组织和纤维。堇菜属不同物种叶柄的形态结构有差异,其特征在组内相似,可作为种及组划分的形态依据。本研究为须毛柱头亚属、美丽堇菜亚属及堇菜组的建立,裂叶堇菜组并入合生托叶组,早开堇菜、茜堇菜和紫花地丁作为3个独立的种提供了形态学依据,并为进一步深入研究中国堇菜属及堇菜科提供了基础资料。

Abstract: The leaf structures of 28 species and 1 variety of Viola in northeastern China were studied in this paper using GMA method and peeling leaf epidermis method. The results show the leaf shapes of the genus are cordate, reniform, oval and long triangle. Stipules are usually lanceolate. Nonglandular hairs may be unicellular or two-celled. Stomata are mainly anisocytic type. Petioles are mostly semicircle with two wings in transverse sections. Vascular bundles are three which are arranged in U-shaped or reniform. Aerenchyma and fibers are present in some species. The leaf shapes and structures differ in different species, but are similar in different Sect., and they can provide the morphological evidences for the classification of species and groups. This study also support the estimation of Subgen. Chamaemelanium, Subgen. Melanium and Sect. Viola, incorporating Sect. Pinnatae into Sect. Adnatae and Viola prionantha, V. phalacrocarpa and V. yedoensis as three independent species. Our study provid the basic data for further and deeply study of Viola of Chinese and Violaceae.

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