克隆植物野牛草对异质营养的表型可塑性响应

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140311

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本实验以匍匐茎型克隆植物野牛草为材料,通过测定其在同质营养和3个斑块尺度的异质营养条件下生长指标、形态指标和叶绿素荧光参数的变化,研究野牛草对异质营养的表型可塑性反应。野牛草在尺度为25 cm×25 cm异质营养条件下会产生更多的分株、丛和分枝,积累更多的生物量,具有较高的F_v/F_m和Φ_PSⅡ,生长状况要好于其他营养条件,但根系长度和间隔子长度并没有明显的变化。结果表明,生理整合调控了野牛草的表型可塑性,提高了母株的叶绿素荧光特性,增加了克隆分株对养分的吸收、利用能力,使野牛草在异质营养条件下的生长状况好于同质营养条件,特别是在尺度为25 cm×25 cm的异质营养条件下效果更为明显。

Abstract: Phenotypic responses of ramets of the stoloniferous clonal plant Buchloe dactyloides in homogeneous nutrient and under three scales of heterogeneous nutrients were studied by measuring the growth, morphological characters of clonal ramets and the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of mother ramets. Compared with other nutrient treatments, the number of ramets, clumps and stolons, biomass, F_v/F_m and Φ_PSⅡ were higher in plots of heterogeneous nutrient at 25 cm×25 cm spacing. However, different nutrient conditions did not prompt significant differences in internode and root length. These results suggested that physiological integration modifies phenotypic plasticity of clonal ramets for efficient absorption and utilization of nutrients, and increases the chlorophyll fluorescence of mother ramets in heterogeneous nutrient. These effects were more pronounced when the spacing was 25 cm×25 cm.

中图分类号:

S543⁺.903

罗栋,钱永强,刘俊祥,韩蕾,李伟,孙振元. 克隆植物野牛草对异质营养的表型可塑性响应[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 104-109.

LUO Dong,QIAN Yong-qiang,LIU Jun-xiang,HAN Lei,LI Wei,SUN Zhen-yuan. Phenotypic responses of a clonal plant (Buchloe dactyloides) to nutrient heterogeneity[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(3): 104-109.

参考文献

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参考文献：
[1]Lechowicz M J, Bell G. The ecology and genetics of fitness in forest plants. 2. Microspatial heterogeneity of the edaphic environment[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1991, 79: 687-696.
[2]Caldwell M M, Pearcy R W. Explotation of Environmental Heterogeneity by Plants: Ecophysiological Processes Above and Below Ground[M]. San Diego: Aeademic Press, 1994.
[3]Ryel R J, Caldwell M M, Manwaring J H. Temporal dynamics of soil spatial heterogeneity in sangebrush-wheatgrass steppe during a growing season[J]. Plant and Soil, 1996, 184: 299-309.
[4]〖JP2〗Stuefer J F, de Kroon H, During H. Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by spatial division of labour in a clonal plant[J]. Functional Ecology, 1996, 10: 328-334.〖JP〗
[5]Cain M L, Subler S, Evans J P,et al. Sampling spatial and temporal variation in soil nitrogen[J]. Oecologia, 1999, 118: 397-404.
[6]Hutchings M J, Wijesinghe D K, John E A. The effects of heterogeneous nutrient supply on plant performance: a survey of responses, with special reference to clonal herbs[A]. In: Hutchings M J, John E A, Stewart A J A. The Ecological Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity[M]. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000: 91-110.
[7]Oborny B, Bartha S. Clonality in plant communities-an overview[J]. Abstracta Botanica, 1995, 19: 115-127.
[8]Klime L, Klimesova J, Hendriks R,et al. Clonal plant architecture: A comparative analysis of form and function[A]. In: de Kroon H, van Groenendael J. The Ecology and Evolution of Clonal Plants[M]. The Netherlands, Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 1997: 1-29.
[9]Hutchings M J, de Kroon H. Foraging in Plant: The role of morphological plasticity in resource acquisition[J]. Advance in Ecological Research, 1994, 25: 159-238.
[10]Huber H, Fijan A, During H. A comparative study of spacer plasticity in erect and stoloniferous herbs[J]. Oikos, 1998, 81: 576-586.
[11]de Kroon H, Schieving F. Resource partitioning in relation to clonal growth strategy[A]. In: van Groenendael J, de Kroon H. Clonal Growth in Plants: Regulation and Function[M]. The Netherlands, The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing, 1990: 113-130.
[12]Jackson R B, Caldwell M M. Integrating resource heterogeneity and plant plasticity: modeling nitrate and phosphate uptake in a patchy soil environment[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1996, 84: 891-903.
[13]Weinig C, Delph L F. Phenotypic plasticity early in life constrains developmental responses later[J]. Evolution, 2001, 55: 930-936.
[14]〖JP2〗Pigliucci M, Pollard H, Cruzan M B. Comparative studies of evolutionary responses to light environments in Arabidopsis[J]. American Naturalist, 2003, 161: 68-82.〖JP〗
[15]de Kroon H, Hutchings M J. Morphological plasticity in clonal plants: the foraging concept reconsidered[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1995, 83: 143-152.
[16]Skálová H, Krahulec F. The response of three Festuca rubra clones to changes in light quality and plant density[J]. Functional Ecology, 1992, 6: 282-290.
[17]Cain M L. Consequences of foraging in clonal plant species[J]. Ecology, 1994, 75: 933-944.
[18]Dong M, de Kroon H. Plasticity in morphology and biomass allocation in Cynodon dactylon, a grass species forming stolons and rhizomes[J]. Oikos, 1994, 70: 99-106.
[19]Oborny B. Spacer length in clonal plants and the efficiency of resource capture in heterogeneous environments: a Monte Carlo simulation[J]. Folia Geobotanica Phytotaxonomica, 1994, 29(2): 139-158.
[20]Oborny B, Cain M L. Models of spatial spread and foraging in clonal plants[A]. In: de Kroon H, van Groenendael J. The Ecology and Evolution of Clonal Plants[M]. The Netherlands, Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 1997: 155-183.
[21]Wijesinghe D K, Hutchings M J. The effects of spatial scale of environmental heterogeneity on the growth of a clonal plant: an experimental study with Glechoma hederacea[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1997, 85: 17-28.
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[30]〖JP2〗Salzman A G, Parker M A. Neighbours ameliorate local salinity stress for a rhizomatous plant in a heterogeneous environment[J]. Oecologia, 1985, 65: 273-277.〖JP〗
[31]Friedman D, Alpert P. Reciprocal transport between ramets increases growth of Fragaria chiloensis when light and nitrogen occur in separate patches but only if patches are rich[J]. Oecologia, 1991, 86: 76-80.
[32]Evans J P, Whitney S. Clonal integration across a salt gradient by a nonhalophyte, Hydrocotyle bonariensis (Apiaceae)[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1992, 79: 1344-1347.
[33]Hutchings M J, Price A C P. Does physiological integration enable clonal herbs to integrate the effects of environmental heterogeneity?[J]. Plant Species Biology, 1993, 8: 95-105.
[34]Alpert P, Stuefer J F. Division of labour in clonal plants[A]. In: de Kroon H, van Groenendael J. The Ecology and Evolution of Clonal Plants[M]. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 1997: 137-154.
[35]Roiloa S R, Retuerto R. Responses of the clonal Fragaria vesca to microtopographic heterogeneity under different water and light conditions[J]. Environmental and experimental botany, 2007, 61(1): 1-9.
[36]Birch C P D, Hutchings M J. Exploitation of patchily distributed soil resources by the clonal herb Glechoma hederacea[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1994, 82: 653-664.
[37]Einsmann J C, Jones R H, Pu M,et al. Nutrient foraging traits in 10 co-occurring plant species of contrasting life forms[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1999, 87: 609-619.
[38]Wijesinghe D K, Hutchings M J. The effects of environmental heterogeneity on the performance of Glechoma hederacea: the interaction between patch contrast and patch scale[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1999, 87: 860-872.
[39]Huber-Sannwald E, Pyke D A, Caldwell M M,et al. Effects of nutrient patches and root system on the clonal plasticity of a rhizomatous grass[J]. Ecology, 1998, 79: 2267-2280.
[40]Welham C V J, Turkington R, Sayre C. Morphological plasticity of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to spatial and temporal resource heterogeneity[J]. Oecologia, 2002, 130: 231-238.
[41]Macek P, Lep J. The effect of environmental heterogeneity on clonal behaviour of Prunella vulgaris L.[J]. Plant Ecology, 2003, 168: 31-43.
[42]Jackson R B, Caldwell M M. Geosattistical pattern of soil heterogeneity around individual perennial plants[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1993, 81: 683-692.
[43]Jackson R B, Caldwell M M. The scale of nutrient heterogeneity around individual Plants and its quantification with geostatistics[J]. Ecology, 1993, 74: 612-614.
[44]Alpert P, Holzapfel C, Slominski C. Differences in performance between genotypes with different degrees of resource sharing in Fragaria chiloensis[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2003, 91: 27-35.
[45]Roiloa S R, Retuerto R. Physiological integration ameliorates effects of serpentine soils in the clonal herb Fragaria vesca[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 2006, 128: 662-676.