山羊瘤胃和粪便中厌氧真菌的分离及发酵粗饲料能力初探

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140443

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在分离山羊瘤胃及粪便中的厌氧真菌，并比较其对粗饲料的降解能力。分别采集2头饲喂青干草的南京本地山羊的瘤胃液与新鲜粪便，采用厌氧培养法，进行厌氧真菌的分离鉴定。实验从山羊瘤胃中分离到4类厌氧真菌，分别归于Neocallimastix、Piromyces、Orpinomyces和Anaeromyces属；从粪便中分离到二类厌氧真菌，归于Neocallimastix和Piromyces属。以稻草、麦秸、玉米秸为底物，对所分离的代表性厌氧真菌进行发酵降解试验。结果表明，所获菌株对稻草秸的干物质降解率大于30%，而对玉米秸的降解率低于25%。与所分离的瘤胃厌氧真菌相比，来源于粪便的厌氧真菌发酵上述3种底物时，所得的产气量和表观干物质消失率均较低。结果说明，本研究分离所得的厌氧真菌对不同底物的降解能力不一致，这可能与菌株自身的理化特性及底物的营养组成不同有关。

Abstract:

The anaerobic fungi in rumen fluid and faeces of two local goats in Nanjing area were isolated. The genera Neocallimastix, Piromyces, Orpinomyces and Anaeromyces were isolated from the rumen liquid of goat, and the genera Neocallimastix and Piromyces were isolated from the fresh faeces. The ability to degrade rice straw, wheat straw and cornstalk by these isolates was compared. The degradability of rice straw by all isolates was greater than 30%, while that of corn straw was less than 25%. When compared with the isolates from rumen liquid, the degradation by species isolated from faeces had a lower total gas production and degradability of dry matter when the three forages were used as substrates. There were some differences in degradability of forage by these organisms which could be explained by the differences in composition of the three substrates and by the characteristics of these isolates.

中图分类号:

S827

毛胜勇，姚文，陈勇. 山羊瘤胃和粪便中厌氧真菌的分离及发酵粗饲料能力初探[J]. 草业学报, DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140443.

MAO Sheng-yong, YAO Wen, CHEN Yong. solation of anaerobic fungi from the rumen and faeces of goat and comparison of fermentation activity between isolates in vitro[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140443.

参考文献

Reference：
[1]Orpin C G. Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1975, 91: 249-262.
[2]Ho W Y, Barr S J D. Classification of anaerobic gut fungi from herbivored with emphasis on rumen fungi from Malaysia[J]. Mycologia, 1995, 87(5): 655-677.
[3]Akin D E, Borneman W S, Lyon C E. Degradation of leaf blades and stems by monocentric and polycentric isolates of ruminal fungi[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1995, 31: 205-221.
[4]Borneman W S, Hartley R D, Morrison W H, et al. Feruloyl and P coumaroyl esterase from anaerobic fungi in relation to plant cell wall degradation[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1990, 33: 345-351.
[5]Zhu W Y. Growth and survival of anaerobic fungi in batch culture and continuousflow culture[J]. Anaerobe, 1996, 2: 29-37.
[6]Ai L X, Su Y, Zhu W Y.A comparison of in vitro fermentation characteristics of eight fiber substrates by faecal microbiota from Meishan and Landrace sows[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(3): 99-107. 
[7]Theodorou M K, Gill M, King-Spooner C, et al. Enumeration of anaerobic chytridiomycetes as thallus forming units: a novel method for the quantification of fibrolytic fungal populations from the digestive tract ecosystem[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1990, 56: 1073-1078.
[8]Davies R D, Theodorou M K, Lawrence M I G. Distribution of anaerobic fungi in the digestive tract of cattle and their survival in faeces[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1993, 139: 1395-1400.
[9]Theodorou M K, Davies R D, Jordan C G, et al. Comparision of anaerobic fungi in faeces and rumen digesta of newly born and adult ruminants[J]. Mycology Research, 1993, 97(10): 1245-1252.
[10]Orpin C G, Joblin K N. The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem (2nd ed.)[M]. London: Elsevier Applied Science Press, 1988.
[11]Ho Y W, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S. Piromyces spiralis, a new species of anaerobic fjungus from the rumen of goat[J]. Mycotaxon, 1993, 48: 59-68.
[12]Borneman W S, Akin D E, Ljungdahl L G. Fermentation products and plant cell wall degrading enzymes produced by monocentric and polycentric anaerobic ruminal fungi[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1989, 55: 1066-1073.
[13]Ho Y W, Wong N, Abdullah H, et al. Fermentation activities of some new species of anaerobic rumen fungi from Malaysia[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1996, 42: 51-59.
[14]William A G, Orpin C G. Polyxaccharide degrading enzymes formed by three species of anaerobic rumen fungi grow on a range of carbohydrate substrates[J]. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1987, 33(5): 418-426.

参考文献：
[1]Orpin C G. Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1975, 91: 249-262.
[2]Ho W Y, Barr S J D. Classification of anaerobic gut fungi from herbivored with emphasis on rumen fungi from Malaysia[J]. Mycologia, 1995, 87(5): 655-677.
[3]Akin D E, Borneman W S, Lyon C E. Degradation of leaf blades and stems by monocentric and polycentric isolates of ruminal fungi[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1995, 31: 205-221.
[4]Borneman W S, Hartley R D, Morrison W H, et al. Feruloyl and P-coumaroyl esterase from anaerobic fungi in relation to plant cell wall degradation[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1990, 33: 345-351.
[5]Zhu W Y. Growth and survival of anaerobic fungi in batch culture and continuous-flow culture[J]. Anaerobe, 1996, 2: 29-37.
[6]艾丽霞, 苏勇, 朱伟云. 梅山与长白母猪粪样微生物体外发酵八种纤维底物的特性比较[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 99-107. 
[7]Theodorou M K, Gill M, King-Spooner C, et al. Enumeration of anaerobic chytridiomycetes as thallus forming units: a novel method for the quantification of fibrolytic fungal populations from the digestive tract ecosystem[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1990, 56: 1073-1078.
[8]Davies R D, Theodorou M K, Lawrence M I G. Distribution of anaerobic fungi in the digestive tract of cattle and their survival in faeces[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1993, 139: 1395-1400.
[9]Theodorou M K, Davies R D, Jordan C G, et al. Comparision of anaerobic fungi in faeces and rumen digesta of newly born and adult ruminants[J]. Mycology Research, 1993, 97(10): 1245-1252.
[10]Orpin C G, Joblin K N. The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem (2nd ed.)[M]. London: Elsevier Applied Science Press, 1988.
[11]Ho Y W, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S. Piromyces spiralis, a new species of anaerobic fjungus from the rumen of goat[J]. Mycotaxon, 1993, 48: 59-68.
[12]Borneman W S, Akin D E, Ljungdahl L G. Fermentation products and plant cell wall degrading enzymes produced by monocentric and polycentric anaerobic ruminal fungi[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1989, 55: 1066-1073.
[13]Ho Y W, Wong N, Abdullah H, et al. Fermentation activities of some new species of anaerobic rumen fungi from Malaysia[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1996, 42: 51-59.
[14]William A G, Orpin C G. Polyxaccharide degrading enzymes formed by three species of anaerobic rumen fungi grow on a range of carbohydrate substrates[J]. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1987, 33(5): 418-426.