不同剂量苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸对紫云英生长环境及其养分吸收累积的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140523

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用盆栽试验,研究在水稻田中分别施用不同剂量的苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸对土壤环境以及后茬紫云英生长的影响。结果表明:施用除草剂苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸均不利于后茬冬季绿肥作物紫云英植株干物质的累积,而且施用量越多,干物质累积越少,减幅达到13.1%~52.8%。低剂量的苄·丁显著降低了紫云英植株中N的累积量10.6%,而二氯喹啉酸降低紫云英植株中N和K的累积量分别为15.0%和15.2%;施用高剂量苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸分别降低紫云英植株中N、P和K的累积量32.7%~37.9%和49.6%~56.6%。施用苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸(低剂量或高剂量)降低土壤中有效N、K含量9.2%~28.7%和11.4%~29.6%;施用高剂量苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸降低土壤有效P含量5.4%和6.1%。另外,施用低剂量苄·丁对土壤中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和尿酶活性的影响均不显著,而低剂量二氯喹啉酸则显著抑制了过氧化氢酶活性。施用高剂量苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸对土壤中蔗糖酶活性影响不显著,但均抑制了过氧化氢酶和尿酶活性。此外,施用低剂量和高剂量苄·丁增加了土壤中细菌数量,而二氯喹啉酸则正好相反。2种剂量的苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸均减少了土壤中放线菌数量,但对真菌数量影响不显著。综上所述,稻田施用低剂量(稻田推荐用量)苄·丁或二氯喹啉酸后应分别适当补充氮或氮、钾养分;而施用高剂量时则应适当补充氮、磷和钾营养,以满足后茬作物紫云英生长对养分的需要。

Abstract:

A pot-culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of different doses of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor and quinclorac on red paddy soil environment and growth of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) plants. Applying bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor and quinclorac in paddy soil decreased the dry matter weight of Chinese milk vetch by 13.1%-52.8%, and the more doses applied the more dry matter decreased. The lower dose of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor applied in paddy soil significantly decreased N accumulation by 10.6%, while the quinclorac decreased the N and K accumulation in milk vetch plants by 15.0% and 15.2% respectively. The higher doses of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor and quinclorac decreased the N, P and K accumulation in milk vetch plant by 32.7%-37.9% and 49.6%-56.6%. Applying with either a lower or a higher dose of both bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor and quinclorac decreased the availability of soil N and K by 9.2%-28.7% and 11.4%-29.6%. A higher dose of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor and quinclorac, remarkably, decreased the available P content in soil by 5.4% and 6.1% respectively. Furthermore, applying a lower dose of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor did not have noticeable influence on the activity of catalase, sucrase and urease in soil, while the activity of catalase was markedly restricted by applying a lower dose of quinclorac. The activity of sucrase was not significantly changed even at a higher dose of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor and quinclorac which greatly restricted the activity of catalase and urease. Furthermore, applying a lower or higher dose of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor increased the amount of bacteria, and an adverse effect of quinclorac was observed. The amount of actinomyces decreased by applying a lower or higher dose of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor and quinclorac, though the incidence of fungi was not changed remarkably. To sum up, in order to meet the requirement of nutrients for growth of Chinese milk vetch, it is necessary to supply additional N or N and K nutrients to soil when applying a lower dose (i.e. the recommended dose in paddy soil) of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor or quinclorac respectively, while additional N, P and K nutrients should be added to soil when applying a higher dose of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor and quinclorac in paddy fields.

中图分类号:

S482.4

谢志坚,徐昌旭,刘光荣,曹卫东. 不同剂量苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸对紫云英生长环境及其养分吸收累积的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(5): 201-207.

XIE Zhi-jian,XU Chang-xu,LIU Guang-rong,CAO Wei-dong. Effects of different doses of bensulfuron-methyl·butachlor and quinclorac on the growing environment and nutrient accumulation of Chinese milk vetch[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(5): 201-207.

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