黄土区苜蓿人工草地群落生态与生产功能演替

doi:10.11686/cyxb20140601

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对黄土区苜蓿人工草地群落31年时间序列生态和生产功能演替过程进行了研究,结果显示, 1)人工草地群落生态功能越来越趋向于天然草地。生态功能随群落结构变化显著,其变化过程大致可分为3个演替阶段,即2~6龄紫花苜蓿草地阶段、6~31龄苜蓿人工草地向长芒草天然草地演替的过渡阶段、31龄之后的长芒草次生天然草地阶段;苜蓿种群在6龄后开始退化演替,其重要值、群落多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数逐渐减小,群落结构趋向于复杂化,生态稳定性相对增大,群落演替逐步向天然植被演化。2)苜蓿人工草地群落生产功能呈“倒V”型变化趋势。群落生产力随演替年限延长先增大后减少,6龄苜蓿草地的年生物量最大,之后,年生物量逐渐下降。年生物量与苜蓿种群重要值相关系数最高,与多样性指数的直接通径系数最高,多样性指数和年生物量二者之间的相关性随人工草地生长年限延长呈“倒V”型变化趋势,6龄苜蓿人工草地二者相关性最高,成为人工草地“生产”和“生态”功能的转折点。3)可通过灭杂、施肥、有效利用水分和探索适宜栽培种植方式来遏止人工草地向“生态稳定性”天然草地恢复的趋势,延缓其“生产稳定性”,以保持人工草地的生产、生态可持续。

Abstract:

The ecological and productive succession process of cultivated alfalfa grassland communities which were established 31 years ago on the Loess Plateau was studied. The sown alfalfa grassland evolved with time to display more and more characteristics of natural grassland. As the community structure developed, ecological indexes changed significantly and the change process could be divided into three stages. The first stage was alfalfa dominance from 2 to 6 years.The second stage was from 6 to 31 years, during which alfalfa grassland gradually transitioned to Stipa bungeana natural grassland. The third stage was S. bungeana secondary natural grassland after 31 years. The alfalfa grassland exhibited marked retrogressive succession from 6 years after establishment. At this point the alfalfa important value, community diverstiy index, evenness index and dominance index gradually decreased. The community structure tended to complexity, the ecological stability increased and the community characteristics gradually evolved towards those of natural vegetation. The herbage production initially showed an increasing trend, reached a maximum after 6 years, and then gradually declined. The annual biomass production correlated well with alfalfa contribution, while the highest direct path coefficient in a path coefficient analysis linked annual biomass production and the diversity index. As sown alfalfa grassland aged, the correlation between the annual biomass and the diversity index increased and then decreased and 6 years from sowing represented a turning point for productivity and ecological succession. By removing weeds, fertilization, effective use of water and exploring appropriate cultivation practices, the succession to natural grassland and “ecological stability” could be delayed and the productive phase prolonged.

中图分类号:

S812

王书转,郝明德,普琼,吴振海. 黄土区苜蓿人工草地群落生态与生产功能演替[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(6): 1-10.

WANG Shu-zhuan,HAO Ming-de,PU Qiong,WU Zhen-hai. Ecological and productive succession process of a cultivated alfalfa grassland community on Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 1-10.

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