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草业学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 95-102.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20140612

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏不同饲草全混合日粮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的研究

王勇1,原现军1,郭刚1,2,闻爱友1,王坚1,肖慎华1,余成群3,巴桑4,邵涛1,*   

  1. 1.南京农业大学动物科学技术学院饲草调制加工与贮藏研究所,江苏 南京 210095;
    2.山西农业大学动物科学技术学院,山西 太谷0308012;
    3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101;
    4.西藏日喀则地区草原工作站,西藏 日喀则 857000
  • 收稿日期:2013-11-14 出版日期:2014-12-20 发布日期:2014-12-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:taoshaolan@163.com
  • 作者简介:王勇(1987-),男,安徽六安人,在读硕士
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B03),中国科学院西藏区域创新平台建设项目(XZ20093ZD)资助

Fermentation and aerobic stability of mixed ration forages in Tibet

WANG Yong1,YUAN Xian-jun1,GUO Gang1,2,WEN Ai-you1,WANG Jian1,XIAO Shen-hua1,YU Cheng-qun3,BA Sang4,SHAO Tao1   

  1. 1.Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
    2.College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China;
    3.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    4.The Prairie workstation of Shigatse, Tibet 857000, China
  • Received:2013-11-14 Online:2014-12-20 Published:2014-12-20

摘要: 为了充分利用西藏的农作物秸秆和饲草资源,本试验在当地奶牛场采用的以全株玉米和青稞秸秆为主要粗饲料的TMR配方基础上,用苜蓿、全株燕麦和小麦秸秆按不同比例替代全株玉米。青贮发酵45 d后评定各组发酵品质、营养特性和有氧稳定性。结果表明,发酵45 d后,TMR-2、TMR-3和TMR-4组pH值显著高于TMR-1(P<0.05),乳酸含量均低于TMR-1,但各替代组仅检测到微量丙酸和丁酸含量,且氨态氮/总氮较低,表明各组发酵品质均良好。发酵后各组水溶性碳水化合物含量均有大幅度下降,除TMR-1组外,其他3组干物质含量基本不变,粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和粗脂肪等营养物质含量不同程度增加,其中TMR-2和 TMR-3组粗蛋白含量高于15%,能够满足改良奶牛的营养需要。在有氧暴露过程中,各组乳酸、乙酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量均出现不同程度的下降,丙酸和丁酸含量在有氧暴露第3天均有升高,之后逐渐下降。在有氧暴露9 d中,pH值均呈上升趋势,其中TMR-3组pH值上升幅度最小,其有氧稳定性最好。综上所述,虽然TMR-3发酵品质略低于TMR-1组,但其有氧稳定性有所提高,因此,TMR-3组可应用于生产实际中。

Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify opportunities to improve the utilization of crop straw and forage resources in Tibet. The experiment was based on the total mixed ration (TMR) typically used in local dairy systems, comprising whole-crop corn and barley straw (TMR-1), comparing substitutes for whole-crop corn; alfalfa (TMR-2), whole-crop oat (TMR-3) or wheat straw (TMR-4) at different ratios. After 45 d fermentation, pH values of TMR-2, TMR-3 and TMR-4 treatments were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of TMR-1, while corresponding lactic acid contents were lower. Propionic acid and butyric acid were very low in all treatments except TMR-1 and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen was <100 g/kg TN, indicating that fermentation was good in all treatments. Water-soluble carbohydrate content in all treatments was significantly lower (P<0.05) after 45 d of fermentation. The dry matter content of all treatments except TMR-1 remained constant,while crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and ether extract increased in all treatments. The crude protein content of TMR-2 and TMR-3 were above 15%, sufficient for dairy production. During aerobic exposure, lactic acid, acetic acid and water-soluble carbohydrate content of all treatments declined. Propionate and butyrate content initially increased after three days of aerobic exposure and then gradually decreased in all treatments. After 9 d of aerobic exposure, the pH increased but the increase was minimal in TMR-3, indicating good aerobic stability. It was concluded that TMR-3 group could be used to produce TMR in Tibet.

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