立枯丝核菌对马铃薯侵染过程的显微结构观察与胞壁降解酶活性的测定

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015051

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由立枯丝核菌引起的马铃薯茎溃疡病(黑痣病)已成为限制甘肃省马铃薯产业健康发展的主要土传病害之一。本研究在盆栽试验条件下将病原菌接种于马铃薯植株的茎基部,显微观察侵染过程,并测定了胞壁降解酶活性的变化。结果表明,土壤中接种病原菌后,马铃薯侵染顺序依次为:芽-茎-根-匍匐茎-块茎;接菌12 h后菌丝开始附着寄主表面,36 h后形成附着胞,48 h后形成侵染垫;电镜下可见,细胞壁变形、断裂,细胞膜破损,质体结构变形,细胞质溶解和质壁分离等;纤维素酶(Cx)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和果胶甲基半乳糖醛酸酶(PMG)的活性高达1.7,2.9和3.1 μg/(h·g),显著高于对照,尤其是PG和PMG的活性,为对照的两倍。这些酶活性的提高可能与组织坏死有关。

Abstract: Stem canker (black scurf disease) caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become one of the main soil-borne diseases which limit the development of the potato industry in Gansu province. In this study, R. solani spores were inoculated onto the stem base of potato plants grown in pots. The infection process and activity of potato cell wall degradation enzymes was observed and measured. Results showed that the infection sequence was bud, stem, root, stolon and lastly tuber. Hyphae attached to the surface of the host within 12 h, appressoria formed in 36 h, infection cushions formed in 48 h. Deformation and fracture of the cell wall, damage to the cell membrane, and the effects of plasmolysis such as deformation and fracture of the cell wall, damage to the cell and plastid membranes and the dissolution of cytoplasm were then observed under the electron microscope. The activities of cellulase (Cx), polygalacturonase (PG) and polymethyl-galacturonase (PMG) were 1.7, 2.9 and 3.1 μg/(h·g), respectively, and these values were significantly higher than those of the control group. The activities of PG and PMG were as twice those of the control group. The increased enzyme activity may be related to tissue necrosis.

拓宁，张君，邱慧珍，张文明，张春红，刘星，朱静. 立枯丝核菌对马铃薯侵染过程的显微结构观察与胞壁降解酶活性的测定[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(12): 74-82.

TUO Ning, ZHANG Jun, QIU Hui-Zhen, ZHANG Wen-Ming, ZHANG Chun-Hong, LIU Xing, ZHU Jing. Pathogenic mechanism of Rhizoctonia solani potato blight Ⅰ Micro-structure observation of the infection process and measurement of cell wall degradation enzyme activity[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(12): 74-82.

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