多年生黑麦草对Pb、Cd胁迫的响应及富集能力研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015069

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)及Pb-Cd复合胁迫对多年生黑麦草生长发育的影响,了解多年生黑麦草修复Pb、Cd污染土壤的潜能,为农田土壤的污染修复工作提供技术支撑和应用借鉴。以人工盆栽的方法,Pb设0, 300, 500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg 5个处理,Cd设0, 0.3, 3, 10, 50, 100 mg/kg 6个处理,Pb-Cd复合胁迫设Pb₀Cd₀, Pb₃₀₀Cd_0.3, Pb₅₀₀Cd_0.3, Pb₁₀₀₀Cd_0.3, Pb₁₅₀₀Cd_0.3, Pb₃₀₀Cd₁₀, Pb₅₀₀Cd₁₀, Pb₁₀₀₀Cd₁₀, Pb₁₅₀₀Cd₁₀ 9个处理。测定Pb、Cd单一及复合胁迫下,多年生黑麦草种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、简化活力指数,叶片叶绿素含量,净光合效率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、光能利用率(LUE),根、茎、叶各器官Pb、Cd含量,并计算各处理富集系数。结果表明,低浓度Pb离子(300,500 mg/kg)对多年生黑麦草种子发芽影响不显著,高浓度Pb离子(1000,1500 mg/kg)抑制种子发芽,低浓度Cd离子对种子发芽势及发芽率具有促进作用,Cd离子浓度超过10 mg/kg,则表现显著抑制种子发芽;Pb、Cd单一胁迫下,随Pb离子浓度的增加,叶片叶绿素含量呈递增趋势,随Cd离子浓度增加,叶绿素含量呈递减趋势。Pb离子浓度在0~1500 mg/kg范围,Cd离子浓度在0~100 mg/kg范围,Pb、Cd离子单一胁迫下,净光合效率均表现先降低,后升高的变化趋势,Pb浓度为1000 mg/kg时P_n达到最大值,为21.59 μmol CO₂/(m²·s);Cd浓度为10 mg/kg时,P_n达到最大值,为22.67 μmol CO₂/(m²·s);Pb、Cd单一胁迫处理,随Pb、Cd浓度的增加,多年生黑麦草富集系数表现降低趋势。Pb-Cd复合胁迫对种子发芽抑制作用大于Pb、Cd单一元素胁迫;Pb、Cd及Pb-Cd复合胁迫,多年生黑麦草根、茎、叶吸收Pb、Cd离子顺序均为根>叶>茎;多年生黑麦草对Cd离子吸收富集效应较Pb离子更为显著,对轻度Pb、Cd污染土壤修复效果更为明显。

Abstract: The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of lead and cadmium stresses on growth and development of perennial ryegrass and to better understand the potential of perennial ryegrass for phytore mediation of Pb and Cd contaminated soils, and provide technical information for soil remediation planning. In a pot experiment, Pb was spiked at 0,300, 500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg, and Cd was spiked at,0,0.3, 3, 10, 50, 100 mg/kg. Further, Pb and Cd treatments were combined as follows: Pb₀Cd₀(CK), Pb₃₀₀Cd_0.3, Pb₅₀₀Cd_0.3, Pb₁₀₀₀Cd_0.3, Pb₁₅₀₀Cd_0.3, Pb₃₀₀Cd₁₀, Pb₅₀₀Cd₁₀, Pb₁₀₀₀Cd₁₀, Pb₁₅₀₀Cd₁₀. Measurements made included germination vigor, an establishment rate index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration, water use efficiencies of seedlings, as well as photosynthetically active radiation, and light use efficiency. The Pb and Cd contents of root, stem and leaf were determined in the seedlings. Compared to CK, there was no significant difference in germination at lower concentrations (300, 500 mg/kg) of Pb stress, but there was an adverse effect at higher concentrations (1000, and 1500 mg/kg). Lower concentrations of Cd stress promoted seed germination, but where Cd concentration was more than 10 mg/kg, there was inhibition of seed germination. With increase in Pb concentration, chlorophyll content also increased, but Cd stress the opposite tendency was noted. Photosynthetic rate decreased at lower concentrations and then increased at higher concentration under Pb or Cd single stress. Photosynthetic rate peaked when Pb concentration was 1000 mg/kg or Cd concentration was 10 mg/kg. The enrichment coefficient decreased with increase in concentration of the metals Pb or Cd. The Pb and Cd combinations showed stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than single metal exposure stress. The enrichment ability of perennial ryegrass to Pb and/or Cd was root>stem>leaf. The enrichment coefficient of Cd was greater than that of Pb. Perennial ryegrass showed a better remediative effect on lightly polluted soils.

冯鹏, 孙力, 申晓慧, 姜成, 李如来, 李增杰, 郑海燕, 张华, 郭伟, 韩旭东, 洪亚南. 多年生黑麦草对Pb、Cd胁迫的响应及富集能力研究[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(1): 153-162.

FENG Peng, SUN Li, SHEN Xiao-Hui, JIANG Cheng, LI Ru-Lai, LI Zeng-Jie, ZHENG Hai-Yan, ZHANG Hua, GUO Wei, HAN Xu-Dong, HONG Ya-Nan. Response and enrichment ability of perennial ryegrass under lead and cadmium stresses[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(1): 153-162.

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