水分和添加剂对辣椒秸秆青贮品质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015181

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在探究不同水分和添加剂对辣椒秸秆青贮发酵品质的影响,为扩大饲料资源提供新的途径。试验选取末次收获辣椒后的辣椒鲜秸秆为原料,设3个水分(75%左右、65%左右和55%左右)梯度,分别添加甲酸(1.5% FW,FA)、丙酸(1.5% FW,PA)、玉米粉(100 g/kg DM,CF)和马铃薯渣(30% FW,PD),以不使用添加剂为对照组(CK),100 mL PE瓶常温青贮45 d,测定其发酵品质和营养成分。结果表明,水分、添加剂及其互作对辣椒秸秆青贮效果均有显著影响(P<0.05);随含水量的降低,pH和干物质升高,乳酸、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维降低,含水量75%青贮饲料的pH和中性洗涤纤维最低,乳酸生成最多,氨态氮/全氮较低;与CK相比,添加FA显著(P<0.05)降低青贮饲料pH和氨态氮/全氮,增加乳酸和可溶性糖;添加PD和CF有效补充了发酵底物的不足,干物质和可溶性糖显著(P<0.05)增加;各添加剂组青贮料中均较少或未检测到丁酸。结合灰色关联度对参试青贮调制方式的青贮效果进行综合评价表明,含水量75%+FA的综合表现最佳,其次是含水量65%+PD。综上可知,辣椒秸秆适宜青贮的含水量为75%左右;添加马铃薯渣青贮于各水分条件下效果皆较优,在生产实践中值得推荐。

Abstract: The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of moisture and additives on the quality of pepper straw silage and to identify new approaches for feed conservation. Pepper straw was wilted to three different target moisture contents (approx. 75%, 65% and 55%) and treated with (1) formic acid (1.5% FW, FA); (2) propionic acid (1.5% FW, PA); (3) corn flour (100 g/kg DM, CF); (4) potato dregs (30% FW, PD); (5) direct ensiling without additives (CK). After 45 days of ensiling with PE (polyethylene plastic vial, 100 mL), the fermentation quality and nutritional traits were analysed. The results showed that moisture and additives had significantly influenced silage quality (P<0.05). Dry mater and pH increased while lactic acid (LA), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) declined with decreasing moisture content. ADF was lowest at 75% moisture content while LA was highest and NH₃-N/TN (total N) lowest. In contrast with CK, FA treatment had significantly increased pH and NH₃-N/TN (P<0.05), lowered LA and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC); PD and CF treatments provided sufficient fermentation substrate; DM and WSC increased (P<0.05). The results indicated that a silage moisture content of 75%+FA produced the best quality silage followed by 65%+PD. In conclusion, the most suitable moisture for pepper straw silage is approximate 75%; adding PD may be advantageous at lower moisture contents.

周娟娟, 魏巍, 秦爱琼, 陈本建. 水分和添加剂对辣椒秸秆青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(2): 231-239.

ZHOU Juan-Juan, WEI Wei, QIN Ai-Qiong, CHEN Ben-Jian. Effects of moisture and additives on the quality of pepper straw silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(2): 231-239.

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