Ca2+对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生长、光合特征和PSⅡ功能的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015239

草业学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 40-48.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2015239

Ca²⁺对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生长、光合特征和PSⅡ功能的影响

王玉萍^{1, 2*, *}, 常宏³, 李成², 梁延超², 卢萧²

1.甘肃农业大学园艺学院, 甘肃兰州 730070;
2.甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃农业大学,甘肃兰州 730070;
3.甘肃省种子管理总站,甘肃兰州730000

收稿日期:2015-05-12 出版日期:2016-05-20 发布日期:2016-05-20
通讯作者: *通信作者Corresponding author. E-mail: wangyp@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:作者简介:王玉萍(1974-),女,甘肃天水人,副教授,博士。E-mail: wangyp@gsau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31060063,31260094)和甘肃省财政厅高等学校基本科研业务费资助

Effects of exogenous Ca²⁺ on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and photosystem II function of maize seedlings under cadmium stress

WANG Yu-Ping^{1, 2, *}, CHANG Hong³, LI Cheng², LIANG Yan-Chao², LU Xiao²

1.College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid and Crop Science, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
3.Gansu Seed Administration Station, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2015-05-12 Online:2016-05-20 Published:2016-05-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究钙(Ca²⁺)对玉米镉(Cd)胁迫的缓解作用,采用盆栽试验,研究了根部施加外源Ca²⁺对Cd胁迫下玉米幼苗生长、光合特征及叶绿素荧光参数等生理指标的影响。结果显示,与对照(CK)相比,100 mg/L的Cd处理显著降低了玉米幼苗株高、根、地上部生物量以及玉米叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量。同时,净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、电子传递速率(ETR)、PSⅡ激发能捕获效率(F_v'/F_m')、光化学淬灭系数(qP)和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)显著下降,而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)和胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)较CK显著上升。外源施加Ca²⁺可以有效增加镉胁迫下幼苗生物量的积累,明显提高叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量,升高P_n,G_s,T_r,F_v/F_m,ETR,F_v'/F_m',降低NPQ和C_i,增加幼苗生物量积累,Ca²⁺浓度为7.5~10.0 mmol/L时各指标变化幅度最明显,缓解胁迫的效果最佳。研究结果表明,Cd胁迫使玉米幼苗叶片PSⅡ原初光能转化效率降低,电子传递受到抑制,净光合速率降低。适宜浓度的外源Ca²⁺能有效缓解Cd对光合机构的伤害,增强幼苗叶片对光的捕获能力,促进光合作用,增加幼苗的生物量,增强玉米幼苗对Cd胁迫的抗性。

Abstract: To investigate how calcium relieves cadmium toxicity in maize, the effects of exogenous Ca²⁺ on growth properties, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize seedlings under cadmium stress were studied in a pot experiment. A treatment with 100 mg/L of cadmium obviously inhibited the growth of maize seedlings, decreased the biomass of plants, and decreased the contents of chlorophyll a, b and a+b of leaves. At the same time, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), the maximal PSⅡ efficiency (F_v/F_m), photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSⅡ centers (F_v'/F_m'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and the actual PSⅡ efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ) were reduced whereas the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (NPQ) were increased under cadmium stress. Supply of exogenous Ca²⁺ under cadmium stress promoted the growth of seedlings, increased the biomass of plants and raised the contents of chlorophyll a, b and a+b of leaves. At the same time, P_n, G_s, T_r, F_v/F_m, ETR, F_v'/F_m', qP and Φ_PSⅡ of leaves tended to be increased with increased exogenous Ca²⁺ concentration, but C_i and NPQ were reduced. Among different Ca²⁺ application rates, 7.5 to 10.0 mmol/L Ca²⁺ had the greatest alleviation of Cd toxicity effects. It is suggested that Cd stress led to a decrease in the photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ, reduction in electron transfer, and reduction in net photosynthetic rate. Exogenous Ca²⁺at appropriate concentrations had favorable effects on seedling growth, including enhanced performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and capture of solar energy, effectively ameliorate Cd-induced depression of photosynthesis and enhancing the resistance of maize seedlings to Cd stress.

王玉萍, 常宏, 李成, 梁延超, 卢萧. Ca²⁺对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生长、光合特征和PSⅡ功能的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(5): 40-48.

WANG Yu-Ping, CHANG Hong, LI Cheng, LIANG Yan-Chao, LU Xiao. Effects of exogenous Ca²⁺ on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and photosystem II function of maize seedlings under cadmium stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(5): 40-48.

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Ca²⁺对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生长、光合特征和PSⅡ功能的影响

Effects of exogenous Ca²⁺ on growth, photosynthetic characteristics and photosystem II function of maize seedlings under cadmium stress

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