覆雪厚度对不同秋眠级苜蓿抗寒性及越冬率的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015474

草业学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 98-106.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2015474

覆雪厚度对不同秋眠级苜蓿抗寒性及越冬率的影响

岳亚飞, 王旭哲, 苗芳, 鲁为华, 马春晖^*

石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2015-10-09 修回日期:2015-11-23 出版日期:2016-08-20 发布日期:2016-08-20
通讯作者: chunhuima@126.com
作者简介:岳亚飞(1988-),男,新疆阿图什人,在读硕士。E-mail: yafeiyueshzedu@sina.com
基金资助:
国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-35)资助。

Effects of snow cover thickness on cold resistance and winter survival rates in alfalfa cultivars with different fall dormancies

YUE Ya-Fei, WANG Xu-Zhe, MIAO Fang, LU Wei-Hua, MA Chun-Hui^*

College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

Received:2015-10-09 Revised:2015-11-23 Online:2016-08-20 Published:2016-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究覆雪厚度对不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿抗寒性及越冬率的影响,选择秋眠级分别为2级的皇后(Alfaqueen)、5级的巨能551(Magna551)、8级的WL525HQ和10级的赛迪10(Sardi10)紫花苜蓿,设定0,10和15 cm三个覆雪厚度处理,通过动态观测紫花苜蓿根冠处及田间土层(1~10 cm)的温度、根颈中丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖(WSC)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量及越冬率。结果表明,无积雪覆盖时低秋眠级(2和5级)紫花苜蓿越冬率分别为:64%和59%;而高秋眠级(8和10级)紫花苜蓿全部死亡。覆雪厚度10 cm即可以保证除秋眠级10(赛迪10)外的苜蓿安全越冬,且越冬率均在90%以上。随着覆雪厚度的增加,积雪对紫花苜蓿根冠及根颈下土层温度有显著影响,能显著提高各秋眠级紫花苜蓿的越冬率(P<0.05),降低MDA的含量,增加非/极非秋眠型的紫花苜蓿根颈中SP和WSC的含量。运用隶属函数综合评价,无覆雪条件下苜蓿品种的抗寒性及越冬率顺序为:皇后>巨能551;覆雪厚度10 cm下苜蓿的抗寒性及越冬率顺序为:巨能551>皇后>WL525HQ>赛迪10;覆雪厚度15 cm下苜蓿的抗寒性及越冬率顺序为:巨能551>皇后=WL525HQ=赛迪10。

Abstract:

Four alfalfa cultivars with different fall dormancies (rating 2 Alfaqueen, rating 5 Magna551, rating 8 WL525HQ, and rating 10 Sardi10) were used to study the effects of different snow cover thicknesses on cold resistance and overwintering survival rates. The four cultivars were maintained with 0, 10, and 15 cm winter snow depths. Temperatures were monitored for alfalfa canopy-level and soil surface (1-10 cm). Dynamic variation in malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (WSC) and soluble protein (SP) contents in collar and stand counts were recorded each fall and spring to assess winter injury. The results showed that without snow cover the winter survival rates of low fall dormancy alfalfa (2, 5) were 64% and 59% respectively, while all the high fall dormancy alfalfa (8, 10) died. With the exception of alfalfa with fall dormancy 10 (Sardi10), a snow cover thickness of 10 cm can ensure the winter safety of alfalfa, with the winter survival rate recorded at over 90%. Increasing snow cover thickness significantly moderated temperatures at alfalfa canopy-level and soil surface. Increased cover significantly improved the winter survival rate of different alfalfa (P<0.05). It increased the SP and WSC content of alfalfa collars in the non- and extremely non-fall dormancy cultivars, and decreased the MDA content. Membership function analysis showed that without snow cover the order of cold resistance and winter survival rate of the alfalfa cultivars was Alfaqueen>Magna551; with snow cover thickness of 10 cm, the order of cold resistance and winter survival rate was Magna551>Alfaqueen>WL525HQ>Sardi10; and with snow cover thickness of 15 cm, the order was Magna551>Alfaqueen=WL525HQ=Sardi10.

岳亚飞, 王旭哲, 苗芳, 鲁为华, 马春晖. 覆雪厚度对不同秋眠级苜蓿抗寒性及越冬率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(8): 98-106.

YUE Ya-Fei, WANG Xu-Zhe, MIAO Fang, LU Wei-Hua, MA Chun-Hui. Effects of snow cover thickness on cold resistance and winter survival rates in alfalfa cultivars with different fall dormancies[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(8): 98-106.

参考文献

[1] Cao H, Zhang H L, Gai Q H, et al . Test and comprehensive assessment on the performance of 22 alfalfa varieties. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(6): 219-229.
[2] Sun Q Z, Wang Z L, Xu L J. Alfalfa in Arid Regions[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2013: 1-50.
[3] Zhang F F, Yu L, Ma C H, et al . Effect of phosphorus application under drip irrigation on the productivity and quality of alfalfa in Northern Xinjiang. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10): 175-182.
[4] Liu C H. Analysis for Climatic Characteristics and Its Anomalies from 1961 to 2005 in Xinjiang[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 2008.
[5] Sun Q Z, Wang Y Q, Hou X Y. Alfalfa winter survival research summary. Pratacultural Science, 2004, 21(3): 21-25.
[6] Liu Z Y, Li X L, Li F, et al . Response of alfalfa root traits to fall dormancy and its effect on winter hardiness. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(9): 1689-1701.
[7] Liu Z Y, Li X L, Li F, et al . Mechanisms underlying the effects of fall dormancy on the cold acclimation and winter hardiness of Medicago sativa . Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(6): 635-648.
[8] Leep R H, Andresen J A, Jeranyama P. Fall dormancy and snow depth effects on winterkill of alfalfa. Agronomy Journal, 2001, 93(5): 1142-1148.
[9] Nan L L, Shi S L, Chen J G, et al . Field evaluation of the response and resistance to low temperature of alfalfa root with different root types during over-wintering. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2011, 19(3): 619-625.
[10] Xu M L. Effects of Environments on The Winter Hardness of Alfalfa[D]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University, 2006.
[11] Barnes D K, Smith D M, Stucker R E, et al . Fall dormancy in alfalfa: A valuable predictive tool[C]//Report of the 26th Alfalfa Improvement Conference. Brookings, USA: South Dakota State University, 1979: 34.
[12] Zou Q. Plant Physiology Experiment[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[13] Tao Y, Sun Q Z. Dynamic variation of soluble sugar, total nitrogen and malondialdehyde in different alfalfa varieties and their effect on alfalfa’s cold resistance. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008, 10(S1): 56-60.
[14] Zhang B T, Mu C S, Li Z J, et al . The approach to promote regrowth of root tap after winter injury for alfalfa. Grassland of China, 2003, 25(5): 48-51.
[15] Yu X J, Jing Y Y, Xu C L, et al . Effects of film mulching on growth and crown and root characteristics of alfalfa in an alpine meadow. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(6): 43-52.
[16] Fu Q, Hou R J, Wang Z L, et al . Soil thermal regime under snow cover and its response to meteorological factors. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(7): 154-161.
[17] Sulc R M, Albrecht K A, Duke S H. Leakage of intracellular substances as an indicator of freezing injury in alfalfa. Crop Science, 1991, 31(2): 430-435.
[18] Yu H. Effects of Cutting Frequency on Forage Yield and Quality and Cold Tolerance of Alfalfa[D]. Haerbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2007.
[19] Walker J M. One-degree increments in soil temperatures affect maize seedling behavior. Soil Science Society America Proceeding, 1969, 33(5): 729-736.
[20] Levitt J. Response of plants to environmental stress. American Scientist, 1973, 61(2): 231.
[21] Steponkus P L. Role of the plasma membrane in freezing injury and cold acclimation. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 2003, 35(4): 543-584.
[22] Li X L, Wang L Q. Alfalfa fall dormancy and its relationship to winter hardiness and yield. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2004, 13(3): 57-61.
[23] Zhu J Z, Zhao Q, Abulaiti.Abudoureyimu, et al . Study on sustainable development of alfalfa production in Xinjiang. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2006, 29(1): 36-39.
[24] Chang Q. Study Change Regularity Between Survey of Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi and Alfalfa Growth Development under Drip Irrigation in the Soil Salinity in Oasis of Shihezi[D]. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2013.
[25] Wang Y T. Cold Resistance of Different Alfalfa Materials[D]. Huhehaote: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation, 2013.
[1] 曹宏, 章会玲, 盖琼辉, 等. 22个紫花苜蓿品种的引种试验和生产性能综合评价. 草业学报, 2011, 20(6): 219-229.
[2] 孙启忠, 王宗礼, 徐丽君. 旱区苜蓿[M]. 北京: 中国科学出版社, 2013: 1-50.
[3] 张凡凡, 于磊, 马春晖, 等. 绿洲区滴灌条件下施磷对紫花苜蓿生产性能及品质的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(10): 175-182.
[4] 刘彩红. 近45a新疆气候特征及异常研究[D]. 南京: 南京信息工程大学, 2008.
[5] 孙启忠, 王育青, 侯向阳. 紫花苜蓿越冬性研究概述. 草业科学, 2004, 21(3): 21-25.
[6] 刘志英, 李西良, 李峰, 等. 越冬紫花苜蓿根系性状与秋眠性的关系及其抗寒效应. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(9): 1689-1701.
[7] 刘志英, 李西良, 李峰, 等. 紫花苜蓿秋眠性对低温驯化过程与越冬耐寒适应的作用机理. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(6): 635-648.
[9] 南丽丽, 师尚礼, 陈建纲, 等. 不同根型苜蓿根系对低温胁迫的响应及其抗寒性评价. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(3): 619-625.
[10] 许明礼. 外界环境对紫花苜蓿抗寒性的影响[D]. 长春: 东北师范大学, 2010.
[12] 邹奇. 植物生理学实验指导[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[13] 陶雅, 孙启忠. 不同紫花苜蓿品种可溶性糖、全氮、丙二醛含量动态变化及其与抗寒性关系研究. 中国农业科技导报, 2008, 10(S1): 56-60.
[14] 张宝田, 穆春生, 李志坚, 等. 紫花苜蓿受冻害后促进根颈枝条再生方法的研究. 中国草地学报, 2003, 25(5): 48-51.
[15] 鱼小军, 景媛媛, 徐长林, 等. 高寒区垄沟覆膜方式对苜蓿生长、根颈及根系特征的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(6): 43-52.
[16] 付强, 侯仁杰, 王子龙, 等. 积雪覆盖下土壤热状况及其对气象因素的响应研究. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(7): 154-161.
[18] 于辉. 刈割次数对紫花苜蓿草产量、品质及抗寒性影响的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2007.
[22] 李向林, 万里强. 苜蓿秋眠性及其与抗寒性和产量的关系. 草业学报, 2004, 13(3): 57-61.
[23] 朱进忠, 赵清, 阿不来提·阿不都热依木, 等. 新疆苜蓿生产可持续发展研究. 新疆农业大学学报, 2006, 29(1): 36-39.
[24] 常青. 石河子绿洲区大田苜蓿土壤AM真菌资源及促苜蓿生长效应的初步研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2013.
[25] 王运涛. 不同苜蓿材料的抗寒性差异研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 中国农业科学院, 2013.

覆雪厚度对不同秋眠级苜蓿抗寒性及越冬率的影响

Effects of snow cover thickness on cold resistance and winter survival rates in alfalfa cultivars with different fall dormancies

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics