划破草皮对不同地形高寒草甸草原土壤特征及地下生物量的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015486

草业学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 26-33.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2015486

划破草皮对不同地形高寒草甸草原土壤特征及地下生物量的影响

李小龙, 曹文侠^*, 李文, 张晓燕, 徐长林, 韦应莉, 师尚礼

甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2015-10-21 修回日期:2015-12-10 出版日期:2016-06-20 发布日期:2016-06-20
通讯作者: Email：caowx@gsau.edu.cn
作者简介:李小龙（1989-）,男,甘肃通渭人,在读硕士。Email：405952804@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（31360569）,现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-35）,甘肃省农牧厅“退牧还草科技支撑项目”和“青藏高原打草场建设项目”资助

Effects of sward cleavage on soil characteristics and underground biomass in different terrains of alpine meadows-steppe

LI Xiao-Long, CAO Wen-Xia^*, LI Wen, ZHANG Xiao-Yan, XU Chang-Lin, WEI Ying-Li, SHI Shang-Li

Grassland Science College of Gansu Agricultural University, Grassland Ecosystem Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Research Centers for Sustainable Grassland and Livestock Management, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2015-10-21 Revised:2015-12-10 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-06-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在青藏高原东缘东祁连山高寒草甸草原开展平地划破草皮和缓坡地划破草皮试验,研究了划破改良措施对土壤特征及地下生物量的影响。结果表明,划破干扰对土壤含水量和土壤紧实度的影响主要体现在7-8月,在此期间划破干扰对平地的改良效果均显著优于缓坡地;划破初期,划破干扰减小了平地与缓坡地划破沟内表层地下生物量,但经过4个月的生长季,划破改良显著增加了平地表层土壤地下生物量,而缓坡地表层土壤地下生物量反而较其对照区有所减小;划破处理可以有效增加平地各个土层有机碳含量,而对于缓坡地,反而降低了表层土壤有机碳含量。研究证实,平地划破草皮措施有利于生产力较低的高寒草甸草原禾草-嵩草草甸的综合改良,但划破草皮措施对以嵩草为优势种的缓坡地草甸草原需谨慎使用。

Abstract: The effects of sward cleavage on soil characteristics and underground biomass were investigated in areas of flat terrain and gentle slope terrain located in the eastern alpine meadow-steppe of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the effects of sward cleavage on soil water contents and soil compaction were most significant in July and August, with the treatment’s improving effects during that period being significantly better for flat terrain than gentle slope terrain. The underground biomass of cut grooved surfaces decreased in both flat terrain and gentle slope terrains at the beginning of treatment. However, the underground soil biomass in flat terrain soil layers had significantly increased after growing for four months while it had decreased in gentle slope terrain compared with the control. In addition, soil organic carbon contents in flat terrain increased after treatment but decreased on gentle slopes. Our research shows that sward cleavage in flat terrain significantly improves the low productivity of alpine meadow-steppe grasses, but that caution is advised when using this technique on gentle slope terrain.

李小龙, 曹文侠, 李文, 张晓燕, 徐长林, 韦应莉, 师尚礼. 划破草皮对不同地形高寒草甸草原土壤特征及地下生物量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(6): 26-33.

LI Xiao-Long, CAO Wen-Xia, LI Wen, ZHANG Xiao-Yan, XU Chang-Lin, WEI Ying-Li, SHI Shang-Li. Effects of sward cleavage on soil characteristics and underground biomass in different terrains of alpine meadows-steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(6): 26-33.

参考文献

[1] Ren J Z, Shen Y Y. The ecological crisis and countermeasures for grassland resources in China. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 1990, 11(3): 9-12.
[2] Zhang S Q, Yan W G. Problems of grassland ecosystems and their countermeasures in western China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2006, 15(5): 11-18.
[3] Hu J G. The effective method of sward cleavage on improving degraded grassland. Qing Hai Prataculture, 1996, 5(3): 31-32.
[4] Jiang X L, Zhang W G, Yang Z Y, et al . The influence of disturbance on community structure and plant diversity of Alpine Meadow. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2003, 23(9): 1479-1485.
[5] Hugejiletu, Yang J, Baoyintaogetao, et al . Effects of different disturbances on species diversity and biomass of community in the typical steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(3): 6-11.
[6] Wan X L, Zhang W G. Effects of sward cleavage on plant diversity and productivity in Alpine Meadows. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2006, 26(2): 377-383.
[7] Shen J L, Tan G, Qiao H L, et al . Study on effect of grassland improvement on Alpine Degraded Grassland Vegetation. Grassland of China, 2000, (5): 49-54.
[8] Rui Y C, Wang Y F, Chen C R, et al . Warming and grazing increase mineralization of organic P in an alpine meadow ecosystem of QingHai-Tibet Plateau China. Plant and Soil, 2012, 357: 73-87.
[9] Feng Z X, Zhou J J, Wang X R, et al . Effects of reseeding and sward ripping on vegetation restoration in degraded subalpine meadow. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(9): 1313-1319.
[10] Tilman D, Reich P B, Knops J M H. Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment. Nature, 2006, 441(7093): 629-632.
[11] Nanjing Agricultural University. The Analysis of Soil Agrochemical[M]. Beijing: Agricultural Publishing House, 1988: 29-82.
[12] Kotzé E, Sandhage-HoTGann A, Meinel J A, et al . Rangeland management impacts on the properties of clayey soils along grazing gradients in the semi-arid grassland biome of South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 2013, 97: 220-229.
[13] Hong J, Yun X J, Lin J, et al . Pest rodents damages analysis and control in natural grassland of China. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2014, 36(3): 1-4.
[14] Li W, Cao W X, Xu C L, et al . Ecological responses of belowground biomass and soil characteristics to different grazing rest mode in Alpine Meadow-Steppe. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2015, 23(2): 271-276.
[15] Cao W X, Li W, Li X L, et al . Effects of Nitrogen fertilization on plant community structure and soil Nitrogen in Alpine Meadow-Steppe. Journal of Desert Research, 2015, 35(3): 658-666.
[16] Sheng L, Ma Y S, Dong Q M, et al . Characteristics of soil in different degraded grassland degrees. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2008, 38(2): 41-44.
[17] Hou F J, Nan Z B, Xiao J Y, et al . Characteristics of vegetation soil and their coupling of degraded grasslands. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(8): 915-922.
[18] Zhou H K, Zhao X Q, Zhou L, et al . A study on correlations between vegetation degradation and soil degradation in the Alpine Meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2005, 14(3): 31-40.
[19] Wang C T, Long R J, Wang G X, et al . Relationship between plant communities, characters, soil physical and chemical properties, and soil microbiology in Alpine Meadows. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010, 19(9): 25-34.
[20] Yang Y, Hasi E, Sun B P, et al . Effects of vegetation restoration in different types on soil nutrients in southern edge of Mu Us sandy land. Agricultural Science and Technology, 2012, 13(8): 1708-1712, 1783.
[21] Jiao F, Wen Z M, An S S. Changes in soil properties across a chronosequence of vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China. Catena, 2011, 86: 110-116.
[22] Venkatesh B, Nandagiti Laksh man, Purandara B K, et al . Analysis of observed soil moisture patterns under different land covers in Western Ghats, India. Journal of Hydrology, 2011, 397: 281-294.
[23] Nawaz M F, Bourrie G, Trolard F. Soil compaction impact and modeling, a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2013, 33(2): 291-309.
[24] Shan G L, Xu Z, Ning F, et al . Influence of seasonal exclosure on plant and soil characteristics in typical steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2009, 18(2): 3-10.
[25] Li S L, Chen Y J, Guan S Y, et al . Relationships between soil degradation and rangeland degradation. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2002, 16(1): 92-95.
[26] Li F X, Li X D, Zhou B R, et al . Effects of grazing intensity on biomass and soil physical and chemical characteristics in Alpine Meadow in the Source of Three Rivers. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(1): 11-18.
[27] Shi H X, Hou X Y, Shi S L, et al . Relationships between plant diversity, soil property and productivity in an Alpine Meadow. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10): 40-47.
[28] Zhu L Q, Xu L M. Effects of grassland amelioration on soil organic carbon: case study in Jianou Niu Kenglong Grassland Ecosystem Experimental Station, Fujian Province. Journal of Henan University, 2004, 34(2): 64-68.
[29] Xu Z Q, Min Q W, Wang Y S, et al . Impact of human disturbances on soil nutrient contents of typical grasslands. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 20(5): 38-42.
[1] 任继周, 沈禹颖. 我国草地资源面临的生态危机及对策. 农业现代化研究, 1990, 11(3): 9-12.
[2] 张苏琼, 阎万贵. 中国西部草原生态环境问题及其控制措施. 草业学报, 2006, 15(5): 11-18.
[3] 胡建国. 划破草皮是改良退化草地的有效方法. 青海草业, 1996, 5(3): 31-32.
[4] 江小蕾, 张卫国, 杨振宇, 等. 不同干扰类型对高寒草甸群落结构和植物多样性的影响. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(9): 1479-1485.
[5] 呼格吉勒图, 杨劼, 宝音陶格涛, 等. 不同干扰对典型草原群落物种多样性和生物量的影响. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3): 6-11.
[6] 万秀莲, 张卫国. 划破草皮对高寒草甸植物多样性和生产力的影响. 西北植物学报, 2006, 26(2): 377-383.
[7] 沈景林, 谭刚, 乔海龙, 等. 草地改良对高寒退化草地植被影响的研究. 中国草地, 2000, (5): 49-54.
[9] 冯忠心, 周娟娟, 王欣荣, 等. 补播和划破草皮对退化亚高山草甸植被恢复的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(9): 1313-1319.
[11] 南京农业大学. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1988: 29-82.
[13] 洪军, 贠旭疆, 林峻, 等. 我国天然草原鼠害分析及其防控. 中国草地学报, 2014, 36(3): 1-4.
[14] 李文, 曹文侠, 徐长林, 等. 不同休牧模式对高寒草甸草原土壤特征及地下生物量的影响. 草地学报, 2015, 23(2): 271-276.
[15] 曹文侠, 李文, 李小龙, 等. 施氮对高寒草甸草原植物群落和土壤养分的影响. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(3): 658-666.
[16] 盛丽, 马玉寿, 董全民, 等. 不同退化程度草地土壤特征的研究. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2008, 38(2): 41-44.
[17] 侯扶江, 南志标, 肖金玉, 等. 重牧退化草地的植被、土壤及其耦合特征. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(8): 915-922.
[18] 周华坤, 赵新全, 周立, 等. 青藏高原高寒草甸的植被退化与土壤退化特征研究. 草业学报, 2005, 14(3): 31-40.
[19] 王长庭, 龙瑞军, 王根绪, 等.高寒草甸群落地表植被特征与土壤理化性状、土壤微生物之间的相关性研究. 草业学报, 2010, 19(9): 25-34.
[24] 单贵莲, 徐柱, 宁发, 等. 围封年限对典型草原植被与土壤特征的影响. 草业学报, 2009, 18(2): 3-10.
[25] 李绍良, 陈有君, 关世英, 等. 土壤退化与草地退化关系的研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2002, 16(1): 92-95.
[26] 李凤霞, 李晓东, 周秉荣, 等. 放牧强度对三江源典型高寒草甸生物量和土壤理化特征的影响. 草业科学, 2015, 32(1): 11-18.
[27] 石红霄, 侯向阳, 师尚礼, 等. 高山嵩草草甸初级生产力、多样性与土壤因子的关系. 草业学报, 2015, 24(10): 40-47.
[28] 朱连奇, 许立民. 草地改良对土壤有机碳的影响. 河南大学学报, 2004, 34(2): 64-68.
[29] 许中旗, 闵庆文, 王英舜, 等. 人为干扰对典型草原生态系统土壤养分状况的影响. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(5): 38-42.

划破草皮对不同地形高寒草甸草原土壤特征及地下生物量的影响

Effects of sward cleavage on soil characteristics and underground biomass in different terrains of alpine meadows-steppe

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics