不同生态治理措施下高寒沙化草地土壤氮素变化特

doi:10.11686/cyxb2015571

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 草地沙化是我国最严重的生态环境问题之一。为研究不同生态治理措施对川西北高寒半湿润地区沙化草地土壤氮素的影响,本研究以围栏禁牧布设沙障燕麦和草种混播(YMCD)、围栏禁牧布设沙障播撒草种(RGCD)和围栏禁牧布设沙障自然恢复(WLCD)3种沙化草地治理措施为对象,以未修复沙化草地(CK)为对照,研究了沙化草地生态修复过程中0~60 cm 土层土壤氮素的变化特征。结果表明,生态修复3年后,YMCD、RGCD、WLCD 3种治理措施均显著促进地表植被的恢复、土壤物理性质的改善和氮素的积累。其中,YMCD治理措施效果最为显著,其次是RGCD,WLCD效果相对较小。土壤氮素增加幅度呈现出微生物量氮(MBN)>硝态氮(N{Invalid MML}-N)>铵态氮(N{Invalid MML}-N)>碱解氮(AN)>全氮(TN)特征。与未修复沙化草地相比,YMCD沙地草地地表植被覆盖度增加至74.1%,土壤容重从1.45 g/cm³下降至1.39 g/cm³,夏季地表午温从41.5 ℃下降至23.0 ℃;TN、AN、N{Invalid MML}-N、N{Invalid MML}-N和MBN含量分别增加了255.8%,270.2%,299.5%,357.8%和745.9%。相关性分析表明地表植被盖度和土壤容重对沙化土壤氮素含量有显著影响。

Abstract: Grassland desertification is one of the most serious ecological and environmental problems in our country. To investigate changes in soil nitrogen under different vegetation restoration measures in desertified grasslands, the soil nitrogen content under 4 vegetation restoration measures in a semi-humid alpine region in northwest Sichuan were measured to elucidate the characteristics of soil total nitrogen and components in 0-60 cm soil layer during ecological restoration. After three years’ restoration; fencing with mixed sowing of oat and grasses, fencing with sowing of grasses and natural recovery after fencing, all restoration procedures increased vegetation cover and improved soil physical properties, particularly fencing and sowing oat and grasses. Increasing soil N content appeared as microbial biomass N>N{Invalid MML}-N>N{Invalid MML}-N>available N>total N. Compared with the severely desertified grassland, vegetation cover after fencing and sowing with oat and grasses increased to 74.1%, soil bulk density decreased to 1.39 g/cm³, while surface temperature at noon in summer decreased from 41.5 ℃ to 23.0 ℃. The total N content, available N, N{Invalid MML}-N, N{Invalid MML}-N and microbial biomass N in oat quadrats increased by 255.8%, 270.3%, 299.5%, 357.8% and 745.9% respectively. Soil particle composition and bulk density were significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen and N components in desertified grassland. We concluded that sowing oat with grass is an effective strategy for repairing desertified grasslands. Oats play the role of a pioneer species because of its drought resistance, tolerance of low fertility and strong tillering, promoting the growth of grass.

蒲琴, 胡玉福, 蒋双龙, 何剑锋, 舒向阳, 杨泽鹏. 不同生态治理措施下高寒沙化草地土壤氮素变化特[J]. 草业学报, 2016, 25(7): 24-33.

PU Qin, HU Yu-Fu, JIANG Shuang-Long, HE Jian-Feng, SHU Xiang-Yang, YANG Ze-Peng. Soil nitrogen characteristics of grassland on sandy soil undergoing vegetation restoratio[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016, 25(7): 24-33.

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