2005-2014年内蒙古草地火灾排放污染物的时空格局

doi:10.11686/cyxb2016337

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 火是生态系统重要干扰因子并对大气环境和人类健康有显著影响。该研究基于2005-2014年内蒙古地区MODIS遥感卫星火点数据,结合畜牧业统计年鉴,估算各区域草地火燃烧生物量,运用排放因子法、核密度法和克里金插值法,估算10年间内蒙古地区草原排放污染物总量及时空分布。研究结果显示,内蒙古地区草地生物质密度存在显著差异,由东北到西南呈递减趋势。此外,内蒙古地区草地火时空分布不均匀:草地火年变化呈阶梯式上升趋势,月变化呈双峰分布,火灾多集中3-4月和9-10月;空间上,火点密度从东北向西南逐渐递减。呼伦贝尔、兴安盟、通辽、赤峰、锡林郭勒盟、乌兰察布、包头、呼和浩特、巴彦淖尔、鄂尔多斯、乌海和阿拉善盟分别占区域总火灾次数的48.1%、7.4%、2.8%、1.9%、8.3%、3.8%、4.3%、1.2%、1.0%、20.6%、0.3%和0.3%。内蒙古地区草地火灾排放污染物CO₂、CO、NO_X、CH₄、VOC_S、PM_2.5、OC和EC总量分别为:658.31 kt、39.09 kt、846.18 t、1.22 kt、1.87 kt、2.49 kt、1.65 kt和197.96 t。此外,各污染物排放在时间和空间上不均衡,且与草地火密度的时空分布密切相关。该文通过对内蒙古地区草原火释放污染物的时空变化研究,为深入揭示草原火对区域环境的影响提供数据支持。

Abstract: Fire is an important disturbance in ecosystems, and fires significantly affect the atmospheric environment and human health. Combining MODIS satellite data for the Inner Mongolia region during 2005-2014 and data from the Animal Husbandry Statistical Yearbook, we estimated the burnt biomass of regional grassland. The total emissions and spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants from grassland fires during 2005-2014 were also explored using emission factor, kernel density, and kriging interpolation methods. The results indicated that the density of burned grassland biomass differed within Inner Mongolia, decreasing from the northeast to the southwest parts of Inner Mongolia. The grassland fires were distributed unevenly, both spatially and temporally, in the study area. The grassland fires showed a stable annual growth and mainly occurred in March-April and September-October every year, showing two distinct peaks. Spatially, the distribution of fire point density gradually decreased from the northeast to the southwest parts of the study area. The proportions of total grassland fires in the various regions of Inner Mongolia were as follows: Hulun Buir (48.1%), Xing’an League (7.4%), Tongliao (2.8%), Chifeng (1.9%), Xilinguole (8.3%), Wulanchabu (3.8%), Baotou (4.3%), Hohhot (1.2%), Bayanzuoer (1.0%), Erdos (20.6%), Wuhai (0.3%), and Alashan (0.3%). During the period of 2005-2014, the total emissions of various substances were as follows: CO₂ (658.31 kt), CO (39.09 kt), NOx (846.18 t), CH₄ (1.22 kt), volatile organic compounds (1.87 kt), particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (2.49 kt), organic carbon (1.65 kt), and elemental carbon (197. 96 t). The emission of each type of pollutant varied spatially and temporally and was significantly correlated with the density distribution of fires. In this study, we explored the spatial and temporal dynamic changes in pollutants emitted from grassland fires in Inner Mongolia. This information will underpin further research on this regional environment by providing a robust database.

靳全锋, 鞠园华, 杨夏捷, 王文辉, 郭福涛. 2005-2014年内蒙古草地火灾排放污染物的时空格局[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(2): 21-29.

JIN Quan-Feng, JU Yuan-Hua, YANG Xia-Jie, WANG Wen-Hui, GUO Fu-Tao. Temporal and spatial patterns of emissions and pollutants from grassland burned in Inner Mongolia during 2005-2014[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(2): 21-29.

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