放牧强度对若尔盖高寒草甸土壤有机质和微生物的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017112

草业学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 22-31.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2017112

放牧强度对若尔盖高寒草甸土壤有机质和微生物的影响

常晶晶^{1, 2}, 徐丽^{2, *}, 薛晶月³, 杨浩², 何念鹏², 张晋京^{1, *}

1.吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春 130118;
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101;
3.中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都 610041

收稿日期:2017-03-15 修回日期:2017-05-12 出版日期:2018-01-20 发布日期:2018-01-20
通讯作者: E-mail:xuli@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:常晶晶(1993-),女,吉林省吉林市人,在读硕士。E-mail:154957678@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31470506)资助

Effects of grazing intensity on soil organic matter and microorganisms in the Zoige alpine meadow

CHANG Jing-jing^{1, 2}, XU Li^{2, *}, XUE Jing-yue³, YANG Hao², HE Nian-peng², ZHANG Jin-jing^{1, *}

1.College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
2.Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3.Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China

Received:2017-03-15 Revised:2017-05-12 Online:2018-01-20 Published:2018-01-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 若尔盖高寒草甸处于生态脆弱带,人类活动会对若尔盖草甸的结构和功能产生影响。本研究以若尔盖高寒草甸为对象,以植被盖度作为放牧干扰强度的划分依据,将其分为:D₁,盖度0%~20%;D₂,20%~40%;D₃,40%~60%;D₄,60%~80%;D₅,80%~100%,分析探讨了不同放牧强度对土壤有机质、微生物群落结构及数量的影响。实验结果表明:随着放牧强度的增加,土壤有机质含量逐渐降低。同时,随着放牧强度增加,细菌、真菌、放线菌含量、革兰氏阳性菌(G⁺)及革兰氏阴性菌(G^-)整体呈现先降低后增加的趋势,土壤G⁺/G^-在D₃处最大,D₄处最小。以磷脂脂肪酸生物标记作为数量测度,引入生态学多样性指数的计算方法得到的微生物多样性指数表现为:D₅>D₄>D₁>D₂>D₃,且不同放牧强度之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。土壤微生物含量与土壤有机质含量存在显著的正相关关系。放牧强度不仅与高寒草甸植被生产力密切相关,还与土壤有机质及微生物群落紧密相关;因此,控制放牧强度是高寒草地恢复、维持其生产力和改善土壤质量的重要途径。

Abstract: Human activities have significantly affected the structure and function of the Zoige alpine meadow ecosystem. In this study, we analyzed the effects of grazing intensity on soil organic matter (SOM) and the soil microbial community in the Zoige alpine meadow. Five grazing intensity treatments, which were based on vegetation coverage, were established: D₁, coverage of 0%-20%; D₂, coverage of 20%-40%; D₃, coverage of 40%-60%; D₄, coverage of 60%-80%; D₅, coverage of 80%-100%. The SOM and total nitrogen content at 0-10 cm soil depth significantly differed among the five grazing intensity treatments (P<0.05). With increasing grazing intensity, the amounts of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and Gram-positive (G⁺) and Gram-negative bacteria (G^-) decreased. The highest ratio of G⁺/G^- was in D₃, while the lowest was in D₄. The microbial diversity index decreased in the following order: D₅>D₄>D₁>D₂>D₃. The diversity index was calculated from the soil phospholipid fatty acid profiles, and did not differ significantly among the five grazing intensity treatments (P>0.05). The soil microbe content was significantly positively correlated with SOM content. The grazing intensity was closely related not only to the productivity of the alpine meadow, but also to SOM and microbial communities. Therefore, it is important to restore and maintain soil productivity by controlling the grazing intensity in this region.

常晶晶, 徐丽, 薛晶月, 杨浩, 何念鹏, 张晋京. 放牧强度对若尔盖高寒草甸土壤有机质和微生物的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(1): 22-31.

CHANG Jing-jing, XU Li, XUE Jing-yue, YANG Hao, HE Nian-peng, ZHANG Jin-jing. Effects of grazing intensity on soil organic matter and microorganisms in the Zoige alpine meadow[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(1): 22-31.

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放牧强度对若尔盖高寒草甸土壤有机质和微生物的影响

Effects of grazing intensity on soil organic matter and microorganisms in the Zoige alpine meadow

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