碳交易市场现状及草地碳汇潜力研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017276

草业学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 177-187.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2017276

碳交易市场现状及草地碳汇潜力研究

王穗子^1,2, 刘帅³, 樊江文^1,*, 张雅娴^1,2

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京100101;
2.中国科学院大学,北京100049;
3.农业部草原监理中心,北京100125

收稿日期:2017-06-19 修回日期:2017-09-11 出版日期:2018-06-20 发布日期:2018-06-20
通讯作者: * E-mail:fanjw@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:王穗子(1990-),女,四川巴中人,在读博士。 E-mail:wangsz.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目课题资源承载力(2017YFA0604804),石漠化(2017YFC0506505)和农业部草原碳汇和碳排放权交易研究资助

Research on the current situation of carbon trading markets and the potential of grassland carbon sinks

WANG Sui-zi^1,2, LIU Shuai³, FAN Jiang-wen^1,*, ZHANG Ya-xian^1,2

1.Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3.Grassland Monitoring and Supervision Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China

Received:2017-06-19 Revised:2017-09-11 Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-06-20
Contact: * E-mail:fanjw@igsnrr.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究概述了国内外主要碳交易市场和各大洲典型碳示范项目的现状以及中国碳交易市场的潜力,分析了中国草地碳汇的潜力和草地碳汇交易的必要性。目前世界主要发达国家已建立各自的碳排放交易体系(如欧盟排放交易体系,芝加哥气候交易体系等),其中欧盟排放交易体系占主要地位,在全球碳交易市场中占据较大份额。国际上开展的固碳项目主要位于北美洲、南美洲、亚洲、非洲和大洋洲,主要采用再造林、减少森林砍伐、保护生物多样性、提高能源效率和进行可持续有效管理等方式,增加总固碳量,以减少CO₂排放。中国碳交易主要遵循清洁发展机制(CDM),CDM项目注册和签发量均在全球占据较大份额,且项目主要分布于四川、云南、内蒙古等省份,主要为新能源和可再生能源项目两种减排类型。我国的核证减排量(CER)高达1028.98 Mt CO₂e,位居世界第一。在7个碳交易试点省市顺利进行下,中国有望于2017年统一碳排放权交易市场。中国碳交易市场中配额项目累计成交量和成交额最高的是湖北碳市场,中国核证减排量(CCER)项目累计成交量最多的是上海碳交易市场。无论从较低的减排成本或从CDM项目市场规模来看,我国都具有较大的优势与潜力。目前CDM项目虽还未涉及草地碳汇,但草地作为我国面积最大的生态系统,具有巨大的碳汇潜力,将在未来的碳交易市场中占据重要地位。

关键词: 碳交易市场, 清洁发展机制, 固碳项目, 草地碳汇

Abstract: Carbon trading is a market mechanism and key instrument in the mitigation of climate change. This paper summarizes the transaction agencies, types, trading mode and the condition of global carbon trading markets, along with the sequestration projects underway in each continent. We also analyze the potential of grassland carbon sinks. Although there is no unified international carbon trading market, the major developed countries have their own emissions trading systems. The European Union scheme covers a large proportion of global carbon trading volume. Projects located in North America, South America, Asia, Africa and Oceania, maintain total carbon sequestration schemes to reduce CO₂ emissions through reforestation, reducing deforestation, conserving biodiversity, improving energy efficiency and sustainable management. China is responsible for a large proportion of the world’s registered and issued projects for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). These CDM projects are mainly distributed in the Sichuan, Yunan and Neimenggu provinces. The major type of emission reduction is the promotion of alternative and renewable energy. Chinese certified emission reduction (CCER) is up to 1028.98 Mt CO₂e, ranking first in the world. In China, the carbon trading market of Hubei has the highest turnover in quota projects, while the Shanghai market has the highest volume. China has enormous potential to both lower emission reduction costs and increase the size of the CDM market. China also has abundant meadow resources. Although the grassland carbon sinks are not in the CDM project, they will play an important role in future trading markets.

Key words: carbon trading market, clean development mechanism, carbon sequestration project, grassland carbon sink

王穗子, 刘帅, 樊江文, 张雅娴. 碳交易市场现状及草地碳汇潜力研究[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(6): 177-187.

WANG Sui-zi, LIU Shuai, FAN Jiang-wen, ZHANG Ya-xian. Research on the current situation of carbon trading markets and the potential of grassland carbon sinks[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(6): 177-187.

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碳交易市场现状及草地碳汇潜力研究

Research on the current situation of carbon trading markets and the potential of grassland carbon sinks

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