鲜食玉米采穗后不同植株部位饲用品质的变化及适宜收获方式研究

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018630

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用江苏地区的鲜食玉米品种苏科糯5号,鲜穗采摘后秸秆继续在田间生长,分别在采穗后1、2和3周取样,研究采穗后秸秆不同节位茎秆、叶片和叶鞘的产量、饲用品质分布及变化规律,为选择鲜食玉米秸秆的适宜收获时间、收割部位提供依据。结果表明采穗后秸秆干物质产量升高,采穗2周后秸秆的干物质产量最高,其中非结构性碳水化合物(nonstructural carbohydrates, NSC)含量也达到最高,为39.56%,主要集中在穗位的倒6节及以下节位,可溶性碳水化合物(water soluble carbohydrates, WSC)是NSC的主要成分;中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber, NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber, ADF)含量随着时间的推迟持续升高,主要集中在基部节位;粗蛋白(crude protein, CP)含量以上部和中部茎节的叶片中含量高,但随着采穗后时间的延长持续下降。带穗的玉米秸秆产量随时间的推迟持续下降,NSC含量和干物质体外消化率(in vitro dry matter digestibility, IVDMD)显著低于同时期采穗的秸秆(P<0.01),NDF含量显著高于采穗秸秆(P<0.01)。因此,采穗有利于NSC在茎秆中的积累、干物质产量的提高和饲用品质的改善。在生产中鲜食玉米秸秆的适宜收割利用期为鲜穗采摘后2周,收割高度可控制在倒10节以上。

关键词: 鲜食玉米, 秸秆, 植株部位, 收获方式, 饲用品质

Abstract: Fresh maize (Zea mays) is widely cultivated throughout China. The stalk is a good forage resource, but few studies have focused on the yield and feed quality dynamics of the stalk after harvesting the fresh ears. In this study, the experimental material was the fresh corn variety Sukenuo No. 5, cultivated in Jiangsu. The yield of the stalk, leaf, stem, and sheath at different nodes, and the feed quality-related traits were determined at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after harvesting fresh corn ears, both for the plants that retained fresh ears and harvested fresh ears. The results indicated that for the plants that harvested the fresh ears, the dry matter yield of the stalk and the content of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in the stalk increased after ear harvest, and both those parameters peaked at 2 weeks after ear harvest. The NSC content was 39.56%, and was mainly concentrated in the top 6th node and its surrounding nodes. The main component of NSC was water soluble carbohydrates. The contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber increased over time, and both were concentrated in basal nodes. The crude protein content decreased over time, and it was concentrated in the upper and middle leaves and sheath. In plants that retained the fresh ears, the dry matter yield of the stalk decreased over time, and the dry matter yield, NSC content, and in vitro dry matter digestibility were significantly lower than those of plants in the harvested-ear treatments (P<0.01). The NDF content was significantly higher in the plants that retained the fresh ears than in those in the harvested-ear treatments (P<0.01). In conclusion, our results show that picking fresh ears promotes dry matter and NSC accumulation in maize stalks, that the suitable harvest and utilization period of fresh maize stalks as forage is 2 weeks after harvesting fresh maize ears, and that the cutting height should be above the 10th node.

Key words: fresh corn, stalk, plant parts, harvest methods, feeding quality

董臣飞, 许能祥, 丁成龙, 顾洪如, 张文洁. 鲜食玉米采穗后不同植株部位饲用品质的变化及适宜收获方式研究[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(10): 166-177.

DONG Chen-fei, XU Neng-xiang, DING Cheng-long, GU Hong-ru, ZHANG Wen-jie. Dynamics of feed quality-related traits in different maize stalk parts after fresh ear harvest and guidelines for harvesting as forage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(10): 166-177.

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