秸秆还田与氮肥减施对旱地春玉米产量及生理指标的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2018749

草业学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (10): 156-165.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2018749

秸秆还田与氮肥减施对旱地春玉米产量及生理指标的影响

张建军^1,2, 党翼¹, 赵刚¹, 樊廷录^1,2,*, 王磊¹, 程万莉¹, 李尚中¹, 王淑英¹, 雷康宁², 张朝伟^1,*

1.甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州 730070;
2.甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2018-11-27 修回日期:2019-02-27 出版日期:2019-10-20 发布日期:2019-10-20
通讯作者: E-mail: zcv768@163.com, fantinglu3394@163.com
作者简介:张建军(1977-),男,甘肃靖远人,副研究员,硕士。E-mail: hnszhjj@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41561067),甘肃省自然科学基金项目(18JR3RA255,17JR5RA182),公益性农业行业科研专项(201503124),国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0100206-1)和国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-55)资助

Effect of straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on spring maize yield and eco-physiological traits in an arid farming area

ZHANG Jian-jun^1,2, DANG Yi¹, ZHAO Gang¹, FAN Ting-lu^1,2,*, WANG Lei¹, CHENG Wan-li¹, LI Shang-zhong¹, WANG Shu-ying¹, LEI Kang-ning², ZHANG Chao-wei^1,*

1.Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.The Key Laboratory of Efficiency Water Utilization of Dry Land Farming Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2018-11-27 Revised:2019-02-27 Online:2019-10-20 Published:2019-10-20
Contact: E-mail: zcv768@163.com, fantinglu3394@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过在陇东黄土旱塬雨养农业区进行的3年田间定位试验,研究了秸秆还田与氮肥减施对旱地春玉米产量、水分利用效率及生理指标的影响。试验设置6个处理,分别为:1)常规施氮(F,225 kg·hm^-2);2)秸秆还田(TS,9000 kg·hm^-2);3)F+TS;4)80% F+TS;5)60% F+TS;6)不施肥不还田(CK)。结果表明:与F+TS相比,不同年份秸秆翻压还田与减量20%~40%氮肥配施均表现出产量和水分利用效率不同程度的增加,差异不显著,平均产量和水分利用效率大小变化顺序均为80% F+TS>60% F+TS>F+TS>F>TS>CK。其中80% F+TS平均产量和水分利用效率较F+TS增加9.9%、8.2%,较CK增加46.9%、52.4%,60% F+TS较F+TS增加2.6%、3.7%,较CK增加37.2%、46.1%。同时,秸秆翻压还田与减量20%~40%氮肥配施提高了春玉米全生育期干物质积累量,改善了产量性状和拔节期玉米光合性能及叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)。因此,在陇东黄土旱塬雨养农业区,60%~80% F+TS处理即秸秆翻压还田与氮肥减量20%~40%的配施方式是该地区最优施氮栽培方式。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 氮肥减施, 旱地春玉米, 产量, 生理指标

Abstract: A 3-year field experiment was conducted in a dryland area on the Loess Plateau, eastern Gansu Province, China, to study the effects of straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on the yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and physiological traits of spring maize (Zea mays). The six treatments included normal fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer at 225 kg N·ha^-1 (F), total straw incorporation of 9000 kg dry matter·ha^-1 (TS), F+TS, 80% F+TS, 60% F+TS, and no fertilization or straw incorporation (control, CK). Compared with the F+TS treatment, both the 80% F+TS and 60% F+TS treatments increased the yield and WUE of spring maize. However, the differences in the grain yield and WUE were not significant among the F+TS, 80% F+TS, and 60% F+TS treatments. The treatments could be ranked, from highest 3-year average yield and WUE to lowest, as follows: 80% F+TS>60% F+TS>F+TS>F>TS>CK. Compared with the F+TS treatment, the 80% F+TS treatment increased yield by 9.9% and the WUE by 8.2%. Compared with CK, the 80% F+TS treatment increased yield by 46.9% and increased the WUE by 52.4%. Compared with the F+TS treatment, the 60% F+TS treatment increased yield by 2.6% and increased the WUE by 37.2%. Compared with CK, the 60% F+TS treatment increased yield by 3.7% and increased the WUE by 46.1%. Compared with all other treatments, the 80% F+TS and 60% F+TS treatments increased soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) values and dry matter accumulation during the whole growth period of spring maize. The results of this study suggest that 60%-80% F+TS treatments are the optimal fertilization methods for spring maize crops cultivated in dryland areas on the Loess Plateau in eastern Gansu Province, China.

Key words: straw returning, nitrogen reduction, dryland spring maize, yield, physiological indicator

张建军, 党翼, 赵刚, 樊廷录, 王磊, 程万莉, 李尚中, 王淑英, 雷康宁, 张朝伟. 秸秆还田与氮肥减施对旱地春玉米产量及生理指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(10): 156-165.

ZHANG Jian-jun, DANG Yi, ZHAO Gang, FAN Ting-lu, WANG Lei, CHENG Wan-li, LI Shang-zhong, WANG Shu-ying, LEI Kang-ning, ZHANG Chao-wei. Effect of straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on spring maize yield and eco-physiological traits in an arid farming area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2019, 28(10): 156-165.

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秸秆还田与氮肥减施对旱地春玉米产量及生理指标的影响

Effect of straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on spring maize yield and eco-physiological traits in an arid farming area

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