黄土高原丘陵沟壑区轮作休耕模式下5种土地利用方式土壤剖面水分分布特征

doi:10.11686/cyxb2019582

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究黄土高原丘陵沟壑区轮作休耕制度土壤剖面水分分布特征,选取覆膜玉米地(YMD)、休耕2年地(XGA)、休耕4年地(XGB)、荒草地(HCD)、紫花苜蓿地(MXD) 5种土地利用方式,对土壤剖面0~200 cm土层土壤水分进行测定分析。结果表明:1)除HCD与MXD土壤含水量在0~20 cm土层之间差异不显著(P>0.05),YMD、XGA、XGB、HCD、MXD各土层土壤含水量均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中,YMD土壤含水量(0~200 cm土层平均值为20.28%)最高,分别是XGA的1.38倍、XGB的1.40倍、HCD的1.94倍、MXD的2.91倍。2)YMD土壤水分随土层深度增加呈“双峰型”变化,HCD和MXD呈先减少后基本稳定的变化趋势,XGA、XGB呈先增大后减少再基本稳定的变化趋势。3)XGA和MXD各土层土壤水分变异程度均为中等变异,HCD各土层土壤水分变异程度为弱变异;YMD除了80~100 cm和180~200 cm土层为弱变异,其余各土层均为中等变异;XGB 在0~180 cm土层土壤水分变异程度为中等变异,180~200 cm土层土壤水分变异程度为强变异;土壤剖面(0~200 cm)水分变异系数(平均值)排序为:XGB(40.75)>XGA(38.02)>MXD(30.91)>YMD(27.06)>HCD(4.12)。4)YMD、XGA、XGB、MXD土壤水分利用土层均为0~40 cm土层,而HCD为0~20 cm土层;YMD和MXD土壤水分利用层和调节层完全相同,分别为40~120 cm和120~200 cm土层;XGA、XGB、HCD土壤水分利用层和调节层分别为40~160 cm、40~180 cm、20~40 cm和160~200 cm、180~200 cm、40~200 cm土层。轮作休耕模式对土壤剖面水分差异性、空间分布、变异性和层次划分产生重要影响,覆膜玉米地土壤水分条件最好,研究结论可为黄土高原丘陵沟壑区土地利用方式优化配置和轮作休耕模式结构调整提供理论依据。

关键词: 轮作休耕, 土地利用方式, 土壤剖面水分, 空间分布

Abstract: In order to explore the water distribution characteristics of soil profiles in the cropping systems in the Hill and Gully Regions on the Loess Plateau, five land use categories were selected for study: Mulched corn field (YMD), fallow 2 years (XGA), fallow 4 years (XGB), waste grassland (HCD), and alfalfa field (MXD); and the soil moisture content was measured in various soil layers to 200 cm depth. It was found that, for the 0-20 cm soil depth at P<0.05, the soil moisture content of the five land use categories ranked YMD>XGA>XGB>HCD=MXD. Soil moisture content for the 0-20 cm soil depth in the YMD category was 20.28%, and exceeded that in categories XGA, XGB, HCD, MXD by factors of 1.38, 1.40, 1.94 and 2.91, respectively. With increase in soil depth, the soil moisture profile of YMD showed a ‘double-peak' pattern. Soil moisture content in HCD and MXD categories decreased with depth in the upper layers, to a value stable across the deeper layers. For XGA and XGB categories, the trend in soil moisture content with increasing depth was an initial increase, followed by a zone of decrease with depth, and then basically stable with increasing depth. Soil moisture spatial variability in all layers of XGA and MXD categories was moderate, and low in HCD. For YMD, soil moisture spatial variation was moderate, except for the soil layers 80-100 cm and 180-200 cm, which had low variation. For XGB, soil moisture contents of the 0-180 cm soil layers were moderately variable, but the soil moisture variation of the 180-200 cm soil layer was greater. Across the 200 cm soil depth surveyed, the average coefficient of variation for water content of the soil profile of the 0-200 cm layer was 40.75%, 38.02%, 30.91%, 27.06%, 4.12%, respectively, for XGB, XGA, MXD, YMD and HCD, land use categories. Soil water use in XGA and XGB land use categories was primarily from the 0-40 cm soil layers, while in HCD it was from the was 0-20 cm soil layer; for YMD it was from 0-120 cm; for MXD, it was from 0-40 cm and from 120-200 cm. The rotational fallow system has important effects on soil profile moisture differences, spatial variation in soil moisture, and grading. The soil moisture conditions under mulched corn were the best, and the information from this study provides a theoretical basis for the optimal allocation of land use patterns and design of crop rotation fallow patterns in the Hill and Gully Regions on the Loess Plateau.

Key words: rotation fallow, land use method, soil profile moisture, spatial distribution

马涛, 吕文强, 李泽霞, 陈爱华, 董彦丽. 黄土高原丘陵沟壑区轮作休耕模式下5种土地利用方式土壤剖面水分分布特征[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(7): 30-39.

MA Tao, LV Wen-qiang, LI Ze-xia, CHEN Ai-hua, DONG Yan-li. Water distribution characteristics of soil profiles in five land use types under rotational cropping in the Hill and Gully Regions on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(7): 30-39.

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